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Enabling field-free current-induced switching of perpendicular magnetization is essential for advancing spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory technology. Our research on the Pt/Co/Ru/RuO2(101) system has successfully demonstrated…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Yunzhuo Wu , Tong Wu , Haoran Chen , Yongwei Cui , Hongyue Xu , Nan Jiang , Zhen Cheng , Yizheng Wu

Since the discovery of the spin orbit torque (SOT) induced by spin Hall effect in heavy metals, much effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanism of the charge-to-spin conversion as well as to developing new schemes for high…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-15 Shengjie Shi , R. A. Buhrman

All-electrical and programmable manipulations of ferromagnetic bits are highly pursued for the aim of high integration and low energy consumption in modern information technology. Methods based on the spin-orbit torque switching in heavy…

Spintronic devices as alternatives to traditional semiconductor-based electronic devices attract considerable interest as they offer zero quiescent power, built-in memory, scalability, and reconfigurability. To realize spintronic logic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-12-04 Seung-heon Chris Baek , Kyung-Woong Park , Deok-Sin Kil , Kyung-Jin Lee , Byong-Guk Park

The coexistence and coupling between magnetization and electric polarization in multiferroic materials provide extra degrees of freedom for creating next-generation memory devices. A variety of concepts of multiferroic or magnetoelectric…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-06-23 Jianxin Shen , Junzhuang Cong , Dashan Shang , Yisheng Chai , Shipeng Shen , Kun Zhai , Young Sun

With ultra-fast writing capacity and high reliability, the spin-orbit torque is regarded as a promising alternative to fabricate next-generation magnetic random access memory. However, the three-terminal setup can be challenging when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ming-Han Tsai , Po-Hung Lin , Kuo-Feng Huang , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chih-Huang Lai

Two promising strategies for achieving efficient control of magnetization in future magnetic memory and non-volatile spin logic devices are spin transfer torque from spin polarized currents and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA).…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-06 Luqiao Liu , Chi-Feng Pai , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

We report on the current-induced magnetization switching of a three-terminal perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction by spin-orbit torque and the read-out using the tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. The device is composed of a…

Serial connection of multiple memory cells using perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJ) is proposed as a way to increase magnetic random access memory (MRAM) storage density. Multi-bit storage element is designed using pMTJs…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Piotr Rzeszut , Witold Skowroński , Sławomir Ziętek , Jerzy Wrona , Tomasz Stobiecki

Perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) are of interest for the next generation ultrafast, high density spintronic memory and logic devices. However, to energy efficiently operate their magnetic order by current-induced spin orbit…

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) is a promising platform for neuromorphic and in-memory computing owing to its non-volatility, high endurance, fast switching dynamics and CMOS compatibility. However,…

A device based on current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) that functions as an electronic neuron is proposed in this work. The SOT device implements an artificial neuron's thresholding (transfer) function. In the first step of a two-step…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Abhronil Sengupta , Sri Harsha Choday , Yusung Kim , Kaushik Roy

We propose the multi-state complete-active-space second-order perturbation theory spin-orbit method (MS-CASPT2-SO) for electronic structure calculations. It is a two-step spin-orbit coupling method that does not make use of energy shifts…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 Zoila Barandiaran , Luis Seijo

We propose an analog implementation of the transcendental activation function leveraging two spin-orbit torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (SOT-MRAM) devices and a CMOS inverter. The proposed analog neuron circuit consumes 1.8-27x…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Md Hasibul Amin , Mohammed Elbtity , Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Ramtin Zand

Sensorless control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) at low velocity remains a challenging task. A now well-established method consists in injecting a high-frequency signal and use the rotor saliency, both geometric and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-07-25 Al Kassem Jebai , Francois Malrait , Philippe Martin , Pierre Rouchon

Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is considered as one of the most promising candidates to build up a true universal memory thanks to its fast write/read speed, infinite endurance and non-volatility. However the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Weisheng Zhao , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Celso Accoto , Jacques-Olivier Klein , Claude Chappert , Pascale Mazoyer

Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their high stabilities at the nanoscale. However, electrical…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-04-04 Lijun Zhu

Multistate memory systems have the ability to store and process more data in the same physical space as binary memory systems, making them a potential alternative to existing binary memory systems. In the past, it has been demonstrated that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Md Mahadi Rajib , Namita Bindal , Ravish Kumar Raj , Brajesh Kumar Kaushik , Jayasimha Atulasimha

The growing demand for artificial intelligence and complex computing has underscored the urgent need for advanced data storage technologies. Spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a leading candidate for high-speed, high-density magnetic…

By integrating the local voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) effect, and spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect, we propose a novel device structure for field-free magnetic tunnel junction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Rui Zhou , Haiyang Zhang , Hao Wang , Jin He , Qijun Huang , Sheng Chang