English

Skyrmion-mediated Nonvolatile Ternary Memory

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics 2025-08-27 v1

Abstract

Multistate memory systems have the ability to store and process more data in the same physical space as binary memory systems, making them a potential alternative to existing binary memory systems. In the past, it has been demonstrated that voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) based writing is highly energy-efficient compared to other writing methods used in non-volatile nano-magnetic binary memory systems. In this study, we introduce a new, VCMA-based and skyrmion-mediated non-volatile ternary memory system using a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) in the presence of room temperature thermal perturbation. We have also shown that ternary states {-1, 0, +1} can be implemented with three magnetoresistance values obtained from a p-MTJ corresponding to ferromagnetic up, down, and skyrmion state, with 99% switching probability in the presence of room temperature thermal noise in an energy-efficient way, requiring ~3 fJ energy on an average for each switching operation. Additionally, we show that our proposed ternary memory demonstrates an improvement in area and energy by at least 2X and ~60X respectively, compared to state-of-the-art spin-transfer torque (STT)-based non-volatile magnetic multistate memories. Furthermore, these three states can be potentially utilized for energy-efficient, high-density in-memory quantized deep neural network implementation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2305.09950,
  title  = {Skyrmion-mediated Nonvolatile Ternary Memory},
  author = {Md Mahadi Rajib and Namita Bindal and Ravish Kumar Raj and Brajesh Kumar Kaushik and Jayasimha Atulasimha},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.09950},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T10:36:41.878Z