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Emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) broadband constellations hold significant potential to provide advanced Internet services due to inherent geometric features of the grid topology. However, high dynamics, unstable topology changes, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Menglan Hu , Chenxin Wang , Bin Cao , Benkuan Zhou , Yan Dong , Kai Peng

Earth observation (EO) satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are collecting vast amounts of data, which are invaluable for applications such as monitoring forest fires. However, data downloading from EO satellites faces significant challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Bo Wu , David Tipper , Pengfei Zhou

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks is a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure, as also demonstrated by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-22 A. Guidotti , A. Vanelli-Coralli , T. Foggi , G. Colavolpe , M. Caus , J. Bas , S. Cioni , A. Modenini

Satellite constellations equipped with Inter-Satellite Links and onboard packet switching enable real-time Operation and Management across globally distributed satellites, but also broaden the attack surface and introduce unprecedented…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linan Huang , Peilong Liu , Xi Chen , Zhiyuan Lin , Jian Yan , Linling Kuang

LEO Satellite Networks (LSNs) are revolutionizing global connectivity, but their reliance on tens of thousands of satellites raises pressing concerns over sustainability and survivability. In this work, we argue that the inefficiencies in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chris Misa , Ramakrishnan Durairajan

Dynamic link failures disrupt the connectivity and geometric symmetry of the constellation structure, thereby increasing protocol overhead and degrading the effective capacity for traffic transport. The fundamental relationship between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wei Li , Min Sheng

Dual connectivity (DC) has garnered significant attention in 5G evolution, allowing for enhancing throughput and reliability by leveraging the channel conditions of two paths. However, when the paths exhibit different delays, such as in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Achilles Machumilane , Alberto Gotta

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks by providing global coverage, massive connections, and huge capacity. In this paper, we present a novel LEO satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wenfei Yao , Xiaoming Chen , Qi Wang , Xingyu Peng

In recent years, the emergence of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has introduced unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity. However, routing efficiency and inter-shell communication remain key challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hailong Su , Jinshu Su , Yusheng Xia , Haibin Li

Due to the strong dependency of our societies onGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems and their vulnerability to outages, there is an urgent need for additional navigation systems. A possible approach for such an additional system uses the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Winfried Stock , Christian A. Hofmann , Andreas Knopp

Large networks of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being built using inter-satellite lasers. These networks promise to offer low-latency wide-area connectivity, but reliably routing such traffic is difficult, as satellites are very…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Stefano Vissicchio , Mark Handley

With the rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, thousands of satellites are now in operation, many equipped with onboard GNSS receivers capable of continuous orbit determination and time synchronization. This development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Xing Liu , Xue Xian Zheng , José A. López-Salcedo , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

The highly dynamic nature of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduces challenges that existing transport protocols fail to address, including non-congestive latency variation and loss, transient congestion hotspots, and frequent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aiden Valentine , Ian Wakeman , George Parisis

The modern Internet supports diverse applications with heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations offer a promising solution to meet these needs, enhancing coverage in rural areas and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Abhishek Naik , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Stephane Martel , Khaled Ahmed

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations rely on inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide global connectivity. However, one significant challenge is to establish and maintain inter-plane ISLs, which support communication between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Maik Röper , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski , Beatriz Soret

We present F-Rosette, a stable space-ground network structure for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations at scale. Due to the dynamic many-to-many space-ground mapping in high mobility, existing LEO mega-constellations with IP…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yuanjie Li , Hewu Li , Lixin Liu , Wei Liu , Jiayi Liu , Jianping Wu , Qian Wu , Jun Liu , Zeqi Lai , Guojie Fan

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are emerging as a key component of non-terrestrial networks due to their low-latency and high-capacity communication capabilities. However, satellites in these orbits are characterized by a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , Miguel Villanueva-Fernández , Preben Mogensen

This paper focuses on 3D localization of transmitting satellites in low Earth orbits (LEO). 3D localization of transmitters in low orbits is an important emerging problem for many applications such as spectrum management, orbit…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ishani Janveja , Jida Zhang , Emerson Sie , Deepak Vasisht

We consider a constellation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites connected to a handheld device on the ground. Due to the very large orbital speed, an effective handover strategy becomes of paramount importance. In particular, we study the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Houcem Ben Salem , Alberto Tarable , Alessandro Nordio , Behrooz Makki

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduce unique congestion control (CC) challenges due to frequent handovers, rapidly changing round-trip times (RTTs), and non-congestive loss. This paper presents the first comprehensive,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mihai Mazilu , Aiden Valentine , George Parisis