We present F-Rosette, a stable space-ground network structure for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations at scale. Due to the dynamic many-to-many space-ground mapping in high mobility, existing LEO mega-constellations with IP protocol stack suffer from frequent user IP address changes (every 133~510s per user) and network routing re-convergence (<20% network usability). To provably stabilize the space-ground network under high mobility and many-to-many dynamics, F-Rosette adopts a recursive structure over the Rosette constellation, derives a hierarchical and time-invariant network address space from a new geographical coordinate system, and ensures efficient and stable routing via geographical-to-topological routing embedding without re-convergence. Our hardware-in-the-loop, trace-driven emulations validate F-Rosette's stability, near-optimal routing (<1.4% additional delays), and marginal overhead (<1% CPU, <2MB memory) for resource-constrained satellites.
@article{arxiv.2105.05560,
title = {Fractal Rosette: A Stable Space-Ground Network Structure in Mega-Constellation},
author = {Yuanjie Li and Hewu Li and Lixin Liu and Wei Liu and Jiayi Liu and Jianping Wu and Qian Wu and Jun Liu and Zeqi Lai and Guojie Fan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.05560},
year = {2021}
}