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The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently spurred tremendous attention from academia and industry. 5G and 6G standards have specified LEO satellite network as a key component of 5G and 6G networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Yue Gao

Providing truly ubiquitous connectivity requires development of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet, whose theoretical study is lagging behind network-specific simulations. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-26 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have attracted considerable attention for their ability to deliver global, low-latency broadband Internet services. In this paper, we present a large-scale measurement study of the Starlink network,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Bingsen Wang , Xiaohui Zhang , Shuai Wang , Li Chen , Jinwei Zhao , Dan Li , Yong Jiang

Modern satellites deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) accommodate processing payloads that can be exploited for edge computing. Furthermore, by implementing inter-satellite links, the LEO satellites in a constellation can route the data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-23 Marc Martinez-Gost , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Ana Pérez-Neira , Miguel Ángel Vázquez , Beatriz Soret , Marco Moretti

Future integrated terrestrial, aerial, and space networks will involve thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites forming a network of mega-constellations, which will play a significant role in providing communication and Internet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Guillaume Lamontagne , Michel Bellemare

With the advent of the 6G era, global connectivity has become a common goal in the evolution of communications, aiming to bring Internet services to more unconnected regions. Additionally, the rise of applications such as the Internet of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Hao Lin , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) continues to be the dominant transport protocol on the Internet. The stability of fluid models has been a key consideration in the design of TCP and the performance evaluation of TCP algorithms. Based on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sreekanth Prabhakar , Gaurav Raina

The rapid development of communication technologies in the past decades has provided immense vertical opportunities for individuals and enterprises. However, conventional terrestrial cellular networks have unfortunately neglected the huge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Shicong Liu , Zhen Gao , Yongpeng Wu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Xiqi Gao , Kai-Kit Wong , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

The growth of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) broadband satellite megaconstellations is rapidly increasing the number of rocket launches. While improving broadband Internet helps achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there are also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ogutu B. Osoro , Edward J. Oughton , Andrew R. Wilson , Akhil Rao

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is a promising approach to providing Internet connectivity to users in many remote areas. As videos are likely to account for most traffic in the LEO satellite network, as in the rest of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kyoungjun Park , Zhiyuan He , Cheng Luo , Yi Xu , Lili Qiu , Changhan Ge , Muhammad Muaz

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks have shown strategic superiority in maritime communications, assisting in establishing signal transmissions from shore to ship through space-based links. Traditional performance modeling based on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Xu Hu , Bin Lin , Xiao Lu , Ping Wang , Nan Cheng , Zhisheng Yin , Weihua Zhuang

Existing analyses of ergodic capacity in satellite mega-constellations often rely on restrictive serving time assumptions or become intractable under realistic handover strategies. This paper develops a framework for characterising the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Brendon McBain , Yi Hong , Emanuele Viterbo

Traditional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) immunity to interference may be approaching a practical performance ceiling. Greater gains are possible outside traditional GNSS orbits and spectrum. GNSS from low Earth orbit (LEO) has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Peter A. Iannucci , Todd E. Humphreys

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations greatly extend the coverage and resilience of future wireless systems. Within the mega-constellations, laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) enable high-capacity, long-range connectivity. Existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Jinho Choi

This article investigates the transmission delay of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in a bent pipe structure. By employing a stochastic geometry framework, satellites are modeled as spherical binomial point processes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Sixi Cheng , Xiang Ling

Satellites in Geostationary Orbit (GEO) provide a number of commercial, government, and military services around the world, offering everything from surveillance and monitoring to video calls and internet access. However a dramatic lowering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Frederick Rawlins , Richard Baker , Ivan Martinovic

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites offer a promising alternative to global navigation satellite systems for precise positioning; however, their relatively low altitudes make them more susceptible to orbital perturbations, which in turn…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jie Ma , Pinjun Zheng , Xing Liu , Yuchen Zhang , Ali A. Nasir , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

With the proliferated low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites in mega-constellations, the future Internet will be able to reach any place on Earth, providing high-quality services to everyone. However, high-quality operations in terms of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Peng Hu

Emerging integrated space and terrestrial networks (ISTN) built upon low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations aim at providing planet-wide Internet services, not only for residential users, but also for mobile users (e.g., in airplane…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jihao Li , Hewu Li , Zeqi Lai , Qian Wu , Weisen Liu , Xiaomo Wang , Yuanjie Li , Jun Liu , Qi Zhang

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are emerging as a key enabler of next-generation communications, offering global coverage and significantly lower latency compared to traditional terrestrial networks and geostationary…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Mazen Hasna , Saud Althunibat , Khalid Qaraqe
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