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Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) is an attractive alternative to current random access memory technologies due to its non-volatility, fast operation and high endurance. STT-MRAM does though have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-27 Noriyuki Sato , Fen Xue , Robert M. White , Chong Bi , Shan X. Wang

The surface state of a 3D topological insulator (3DTI) is a spin-momentum locked conductive state, whose large spin hall angle can be used for the energy-efficient spin orbit torque based switching of an overlying ferromagnet (FM).…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Hamed Vakili , Samiran Ganguly , George J. de Coster , Mahesh R. Neupane , Avik W. Ghosh

Processing-in-memory (PIM) reduces data transfer latency by rolling memory and logic elements into one compute location. As an emergent material candidate for such an architecture, we propose a strained Weyl semimetal based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Youjian Chen , Hamed Vakili , Md Golam Morshed , Avik W. Ghosh

Recent studies on the magneto-transport properties of topological insulators (TI) have attracted great attention due to the rich spin-orbit physics and promising applications in spintronic devices. Particularly the strongly spin-moment…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-08-23 Jiahao Han , A. Richardella , Saima Siddiqui , Joseph Finley , N. Samarth , Luqiao Liu

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) represents an energy efficient method to control magnetization in magnetic memory devices. However, deterministically switching perpendicular memory bits usually requires the application of an additional bias field…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Qianchang Wang , John Domann , Guoqiang Yu , Anthony Barra , Kang L. Wang , Gregory P. Carman

This paper presents physical modeling and benchmarking for two-terminal spin-orbit torque magnetic random-access memory (2T-SOT-MRAM). The results indicate that the common SOT materials that provide only in-plane torque can provide little…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Md Nahid Haque Shazon , Piyush Kumar , Luqiao Liu , Daniel C. Ralph , Azad Naeemi

Stateful logic is a promising processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm to perform logic operations using emerging nonvolatile memory cells. While most stateful logic circuits to date focused on technologies such as resistive RAM, we propose two…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Barak Hoffer , Shahar Kvatinsky

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching of ferromagnets with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has a great potential for the next-generation non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). It requires a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Tuo Fan , Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang , Soichiro Nakano , Pham Nam Hai

The application of Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) in computing-in-memory (CIM) has gained significant attention. However, existing designs often suffer from high energy consumption due to their reliance on complex analog circuits for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Deyang Yu , Chenchen Liu , Chuanjie Zhang , Xiao Fang , Weisheng Zhao

In-memory computing is a promising approach to addressing the processor-memory data transfer bottleneck in computing systems. We propose Spin-Transfer Torque Compute-in-Memory (STT-CiM), a design for in-memory computing with Spin-Transfer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Shubham Jain , Ashish Ranjan , Kaushik Roy , Anand Raghunathan

Topological insulators (TI) and magnetic topological insulators (MTI) can apply highly efficient spin-orbit torque (SOT) and manipulate the magnetization with their unique topological surface states with ultra-high efficiency. Here, we…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) enables efficient electrical control of magnetization, offering a pathway towards low-power spintronic devices. Magnetic topological insulators (TIs), with spin-momentum-locked surface states and intrinsic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ling-Jie Zhou , Deyi Zhuo , Han Tay , Zi-Jie Yan , Pu Xiao , Xiaoda Liu , Bomin Zhang , Cui-Zu Chang

With ultra-fast writing capacity and high reliability, the spin-orbit torque is regarded as a promising alternative to fabricate next-generation magnetic random access memory. However, the three-terminal setup can be challenging when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ming-Han Tsai , Po-Hung Lin , Kuo-Feng Huang , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chih-Huang Lai

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) is a promising switching mechanism for magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) as a result of the potential for improved switching speed and energy-efficiency. It is of particular interest to develop an SOT-MRAM device…

Spin-orbit torques (SOT) provide a versatile tool to manipulate the magnetization of diverse classes of materials and devices using electric currents, leading to novel spintronic memory and computing approaches. In parallel to spin transfer…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Viola Krizakova , Manu Perumkunnil , Sebastien Couet , Pietro Gambardella , Kevin Garello

We numerically investigate the effect of magnetic and electrical damages at the edge of a perpendicular magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell on the spin-transfer-torque (STT) efficiency that is defined by the ratio of thermal stability…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-09-02 Kyungmi Song , Kyung-Jin Lee

A new class of spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is discussed, in which writing is achieved using thermally initiated magnonic current pulses as an alternative to conventional electric current pulses. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-28 Niladri N. Mojumder , David W. Abraham , Kaushik Roy , D. C. Worledge

Topological insulators (TIs) are a promising class of materials for manipulating the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnet (FM) through the spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanism. However, current studies combining TIs with conventional FMs…

Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random-Access Memories (MRAM) have shown promising results towards the realization of fast, non-volatile memory systems. Oxidation of the heavy-metal (HM) layer of the SOT-MRAM has been proposed as a method…

As spin-orbit-torque magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM) is gathering great interest as the next-generation low-power and high-speed on-chip cache memory applications, it is critical to analyze the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-05-28 Xiang Li , Shy-Jay Lin , Mahendra DC , Yu-Ching Liao , Chengyang Yao , Azad Naeemi , Wilman Tsai , Shan X. Wang
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