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Drafting in Magic the Gathering is a sub-game within a larger trading card game, where several players progressively build decks by picking cards from a common pool. Drafting poses an interesting problem for game and AI research due to its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Henry N. Ward , Daniel J. Brooks , Dan Troha , Bobby Mills , Arseny S. Khakhalin

Drafting, i.e., the selection of a subset of items from a larger candidate set, is a key element of many games and related problems. It encompasses team formation in sports or e-sports, as well as deck selection in many modern card games.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Timo Bertram , Johannes Fürnkranz , Martin Müller

Historically, games of all kinds have often been the subject of study in scientific works of Computer Science, including the field of machine learning. By using machine learning techniques and applying them to a game with defined rules or a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Felipe Zilio , Marcelo Prates , Luis Lamb

The visual style of game elements considerably contributes to the overall experience. Aesthetics influence player appeal, while the abilities of game pieces define their in-game functionality. In this paper, we investigate how the visual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Leonie Kallabis , Timo Bertram , Florian Rupp

In this paper, we propose MAGICSTYLEGAN and MAGICSTYLEGAN-ADA - both incarnations of the state-of-the-art models StyleGan2 and StyleGan2 ADA - to experiment with their capacity of transfer learning into a rather different domain: creating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Matheus K. Venturelli , Pedro H. Gomes , Jônatas Wehrmann

Deck building is a crucial component in playing Collectible Card Games (CCGs). The goal of deck building is to choose a fixed-sized subset of cards from a large card pool, so that they work well together in-game against specific opponents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Zhengxing Chen , Chris Amato , Truong-Huy Nguyen , Seth Cooper , Yizhou Sun , Magy Seif El-Nasr

$\textit{Magic: The Gathering}$ is a popular and famously complicated trading card game about magical combat. In this paper we show that optimal play in real-world $\textit{Magic}$ is at least as hard as the Halting Problem, solving a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Alex Churchill , Stella Biderman , Austin Herrick

Collectible card games are challenging, widely played games that have received increasing attention from the AI research community in recent years. Despite important breakthroughs, the field still poses many unresolved challenges. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ronaldo e Silva Vieira , Anderson Rocha Tavares , Luiz Chaimowicz

In this work, we presented a study regarding two important aspects of evolving feature-based game evaluation functions: the choice of genome representation and the choice of opponent used to test the model. We compared three…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Radosław Miernik , Jakub Kowalski

Mastering games is a hard task, as games can be extremely complex, and still fundamentally different in structure from one another. While the AlphaZero algorithm has demonstrated an impressive ability to learn the rules and strategy of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Tomas Rigaux , Hisashi Kashima

This paper presents the initial stages of a design study to develop a dashboard for visualizing gameplay data in the Commander format of Magic: The Gathering. We conducted a user-task analysis to identify requirements for such a dashboard,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Tomás Alves , João Moreira

A growing body of research suggests that embodied gameplay, prevalent not just in human cultures but across a variety of animal species including turtles and ravens, is critical in developing the neural flexibility for creative problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Luca Weihs , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Kiana Ehsani , Sarah M Pratt , Winson Han , Alvaro Herrasti , Eric Kolve , Dustin Schwenk , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Ali Farhadi

In multi-player card games such as Skat or Bridge, the early stages of the game, such as bidding, game selection, and initial card selection, are often more critical to the success of the play than refined middle- and end-game play. At the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Stefan Edelkamp

To keep card sorting with a lot of cards concise, a common strategy for gauging mental models involves presenting participants with fewer randomly selected cards instead of the full set. This is a decades-old practice, but its effects…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Eduard Kuric , Peter Demcak , Matus Krajcovic

On-screen game footage contains rich contextual information that players process when playing and experiencing a game. Learning pixel representations of games can benefit artificial intelligence across several downstream tasks including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Card sorting is a common ideation technique that elicits information on users' mental organization of content and functionality by having them sort items into categories. For more robust card sorting research, digital card sorting tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Eduard Kuric , Peter Demcak , Matus Krajcovic

The game of SET is one of the best mathematical games ever. It is no wonder that people have tried to generalize it. We discuss existing generalizations of the game of SET to different groups. We concentrate on two types of generalization:…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Andrey Boris Khesin , Tanya Khovanova

Consider a card guessing game with complete feedback in which a deck of $n$ cards ordered $1,\dots, n$ is riffle-shuffled once. With the goal to maximize the number of correct guesses, a player guesses cards from the top of the deck one at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-22 Tipaluck Krityakierne , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

Consider the following experiment: a deck with $m$ copies of $n$ different card types is randomly shuffled, and a guesser attempts to guess the cards sequentially as they are drawn. Each time a guess is made, some amount of "feedback" is…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Persi Diaconis , Ron Graham , Xiaoyu He , Sam Spiro

In this paper, we evolve a card-choice strategy for the arena mode of Legends of Code and Magic, a programming game inspired by popular collectible card games like Hearthstone or TES: Legends. In the arena game mode, before each match, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Jakub Kowalski , Radosław Miernik
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