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In the Minecraft Collaborative Building Task, two players collaborate: an Architect (A) provides instructions to a Builder (B) to assemble a specified structure using 3D blocks. In this work, we investigate the use of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new opportunities for procedural content generation. However, recent attempts mainly focus on level generation for specific games with defined game rules such as Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengpeng Hu , Yunlong Zhao , Jialin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools, capable of leveraging their training on natural language to write stories, generate code, and answer questions. But can they generate functional video game levels? Game levels, with their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Graham Todd , Sam Earle , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

With large language models (LLMs) on the rise, in-game interactions are shifting from rigid commands to natural conversations. However, the impacts of LLMs on player performance and game experience remain underexplored. This work explores…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xin Sun , Lei Wang , Yue Li , Jie Li , Massimo Poesio , Julian Frommel , Koen Hinriks , Jiahuan Pei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven their worth across a diverse spectrum of disciplines. LLMs have shown great potential in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) as well, but directly generating a level through a pre-trained LLM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Muhammad U. Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven to be useful tools in various domains outside of the field of their inception, which was natural language processing. In this study, we provide practical directions on how to use LLMs to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Muhammad U Nasir , Julian Togelius

In this work we examine the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging setting of acting as a Minecraft agent. We apply and evaluate LLMs in the builder and architect settings, introduce clarification questions and examining the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chris Madge , Massimo Poesio

We present Word2Minecraft, a system that leverages large language models to generate playable game levels in Minecraft based on structured stories. The system transforms narrative elements-such as protagonist goals, antagonist challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shuo Huang , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius

We present Text2MBL, a text-to-code generation framework that generates executable Building Information Modeling (BIM) code directly from textual descriptions of modular building layout (MBL) design. Unlike conventional layout generation…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yinyi Wei , Xiao Li

Three-dimensional building generation is vital for applications in gaming, virtual reality, and digital twins, yet current methods face challenges in producing diverse, structured, and hierarchically coherent buildings. We propose…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Junming Huang , Chi Wang , Letian Li , Changxin Huang , Qiang Dai , Weiwei Xu

Large Language Models(LLMs) have revolutionized text generation and multimodal perception,but their capabilities in 3D content generation remain underexplored. Existing methods compromise by producing either low-resolution meshes or coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Junming Huang , Chi Wang , Letian Li , Guangkai Xu , Donglin Huang , Hao Chen , Qiang Dai , Weiwei Xu

Procedural Content Generation for 3D game levels faces challenges in balancing spatial coherence, navigational functionality, and adaptable gameplay progression across multi-floor environments. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

Generating and editing a 3D scene guided by natural language poses a challenge, primarily due to the complexity of specifying the positional relations and volumetric changes within the 3D space. Recent advancements in Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Yiqi Lin , Hao Wu , Ruichen Wang , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Hui Xiong , Lin Wang

The conventional BIM authoring process typically requires designers to master complex and tedious modeling commands in order to materialize their design intentions within BIM authoring tools. This additional cognitive burden complicates the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Changyu Du , Sebastian Esser , Stavros Nousias , André Borrmann

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and Codex, now enable software developers to generate code based on a natural language prompt. Within computer science education, researchers are exploring the potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Stephen MacNeil , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Joanne Kim , Arto Hellas , Seth Bernstein , Sami Sarsa

We present LL3M, a multi-agent system that leverages pretrained large language models (LLMs) to generate 3D assets by writing interpretable Python code in Blender. We break away from the typical generative approach that learns from a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Sining Lu , Guan Chen , Nam Anh Dinh , Itai Lang , Ari Holtzman , Rana Hanocka

We present APT, an advanced Large Language Model (LLM)-driven framework that enables autonomous agents to construct complex and creative structures within the Minecraft environment. Unlike previous approaches that primarily concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jun Yu Chen , Tao Gao

This paper presents the development of an AI-powered workflow that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in drafting schematic architectural floor plans from natural language prompts. The proposed system interprets textual input to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jayakrishna Duggempudi , Lu Gao , Ahmed Senouci , Zhe Han , Yunpeng Zhang

This paper presents a method for generating floor plans for structures in Minecraft (Mojang 2009). Given a 3D space, it will auto-generate a building to fill that space using a combination of constrained growth and cellular automata. The…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Michael Cerny Green , Christoph Salge , Julian Togelius

Recently, various studies have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to help decision-making and planning in environments, and try to align the LLMs' knowledge with the world conditions. Nonetheless, the capacity of LLMs to continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yicheng Feng , Yuxuan Wang , Jiazheng Liu , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu
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