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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are rapidly gaining traction today. Although several real-world deployments exist, our preliminary analysis of LEO topology performance with the soon-to-be operational Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Wenyi Zhang , Zihan Xu , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

Small satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) attract much attention from both industry and academia. The latest production and launch technologies constantly drive the development of LEO constellations. However, the wideband signal, except…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Zhuoao Xu , Yue Gao , Gaojie Chen , Ryan Fernandez , Vedaprabhu Basavarajappa , Rahim Tafazolli

The coming extension of cellular technology to base-stations in low-earth orbit (LEO) requires a fresh look at terrestrial 3GPP channel models. Relative to such models, sky-to-ground cellular channels will exhibit less diffraction, deeper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-30 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Peter A. Iannucci , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are increasingly adopting laser (Free Space Optics, FSO) links to provide high-capacity communications. Although laser inter-satellite links offer high throughput and low latency, RF up- and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cao-Vien Phung , Thomas Röthig , Admela Jukan

Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become vital in emerging commercial and defense Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). However, their predictable orbital dynamics and exposed geometries make them highly susceptible to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Shizhen Jia , Mingjun Ying , Marco Mezzavilla , Theodore S. Rappaport , Sundeep Rangan

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations rely on inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide global connectivity. However, one significant challenge is to establish and maintain inter-plane ISLs, which support communication between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Maik Röper , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski , Beatriz Soret

The rapid deployment of large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has positioned direct-to-handset (D2H) communications as a key enabler of future non-terrestrial networks. However, the limited link budget of handheld…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Hyunwoo Lee , Incheol Hwang , Daesik Hong

With the deployment of satellite constellations, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in remote areas have gained access to low-cost network connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the performance of IoT devices connecting in up-link…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jiusi Zhou , Ruibo Wang , Basem Shihada , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks connect millions of devices on Earth and offer various services, such as data communications, remote sensing, and data harvesting. As the number of services increases, LEO satellite networks will…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

The extension of wide area wireless connectivity to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems demands a fresh look at the effects of in-orbit base stations, sky-to-ground propagation, and cell planning. A multi-beam LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Compared with the terrestrial networks (TN), which can only support limited coverage areas, low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites can provide seamless global coverage and high survivability in case of emergencies. Nevertheless, the swift…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Jinxuan Chen , Mustafa Ozger , Cicek Cavdar

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks (SatNets) are envisioned to play a crucial role in providing global and ubiquitous connectivity efficiently. Accordingly, in the coming years, thousands of LEO satellites will be launched to create…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mohammed Y. Abdelsadek , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Utilizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks equipped with Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) is envisioned to provide lower delay compared to traditional optical networks. However, LEO satellites have constrained energy resources as they…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Kosta Dakic , Chiu Chun Chan , Bassel Al Homssi , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Akram Al-Hourani

As air travel demand increases, uninterrupted high-speed internet access becomes essential. However, current satellite-based systems face latency and connectivity challenges. While prior research has focused on terrestrial 5G and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Raúl Parada , Victor Monzon Baeza , Carlos Horcajo Fernández de Gamboa , Rocío Serrano Camacho , Carlos Monzo

The Internet is going through a massive infrastructural revolution with the advent of low-flying satellite networks, 5/6G, WiFi7, and hollow-core fiber deployments. While these networks could unleash enhanced connectivity and new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Shubham Tiwari , Saksham Bhushan , Aryan Taneja , Mohamed Kassem , Cheng Luo , Cong Zhou , Zhiyuan He , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Lili Qiu , Debopam Bhattacherjee

In this paper, we present an open-source measurement platform designed to characterize the performance of commercial cellular (Verizon, a major US provider) and LEO satellite (Starlink) networks through real-world flight tests in rural…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sravan Reddy Chintareddy , Sherwan Jalal Abdullah , Justin D. Clough , Victor S. Frost , Shawn Keshmiri , Morteza Hashemi

We investigate key aspects of coherent optical communications on inter-satellite links (ISLs) for the next-generation ultra-dense low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellations. Initially, the suitability of QPSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation formats…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 I. P. Vieira , T. C. Pita , D. A. A. Mello

In this paper, we investigate the performance of large-scale heterogeneous low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in the context of three association schemes. In contrast to existing studies, where single-tier LEO satellite-based network…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuan Guo , Christodoulos Skouroumounis , Symeon Chatzinotas , Ioannis Krikidis

Existing analyses of ergodic capacity in satellite mega-constellations often rely on restrictive serving time assumptions or become intractable under realistic handover strategies. This paper develops a framework for characterising the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Brendon McBain , Yi Hong , Emanuele Viterbo

This paper examines the uplink transmission of a single-antenna handsheld user to a cluster of satellites, with a focus on utilizing the inter-satellite links to enable cooperative signal detection. Two cases are studied: one with full CSI…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yasaman Omid , Zohre Mashayekh Bakhsh , Farbod Kayhan , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli