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The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

With the rapid development of satellite communication technologies, the space-based access network has been envisioned as a promising complementary part of the future 6G network. Aside from terrestrial base stations, satellite nodes,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Zhenyu Xiao , Junyi Yang , Tianqi Mao , Chong Xu , Rui Zhang , Zhu Han , Xiang-Gen Xia

This paper investigates energy-efficient inter-satellite communication in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks, where satellites exchange both buffered and newly generated data through half-duplex inter-satellite links (ISLs). Due to orbital…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Yomali Lokugama , Charith Dissanayake , Saman Atapattu , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan

Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Networks (LSNs) offer a promising solution for extending connectivity to areas not covered by Terrestrial Networks (TNs). However, the rapid movement, broad coverage, and high communication latency of LEO…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xingqiu He , Zijie Ying , Chaoqun You , Yue Gao

Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) has emerged as a promising technology to improve wireless connectivity in global areas. Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO), an architecture proposed for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Xiangyu Li , Bodong Shang

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have been deemed a promising key enabler for current 5G and the forthcoming 6G wireless networks. Such LEO satellite constellations can provide worldwide three-dimensional coverage, high data rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mesut Toka , Byungju Lee , Jaehyup Seong , Aryan Kaushik , Juhwan Lee , Jungwoo Lee , Namyoon Lee , Wonjae Shin , H. Vincent Poor

Low Earth orbit Satellite Networks (LSNs) have been advocated as a key infrastructure for truly global coverage in the forthcoming 6G. This paper presents our initial measurement results and observations on the end-to-end network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Sami Ma , Yi Ching Chou , Haoyuan Zhao , Long Chen , Xiaoqiang Ma , Jiangchuan Liu

The growing low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become an essential part of the fifth-generation (5G) non-terrestrial network (NTN) market. These satellites can enable direct-to-cell connectivity for mobile devices and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Bohan Zhang , Peng Hu , Ahmad Akbari Azirani , Mohammad A. Salahuddin , Diogo Barradas , Noura Limam , Raouf Boutaba

This paper focuses on 3D localization of transmitting satellites in low Earth orbits (LEO). 3D localization of transmitters in low orbits is an important emerging problem for many applications such as spectrum management, orbit…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ishani Janveja , Jida Zhang , Emerson Sie , Deepak Vasisht

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations are beginning to include laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) to extend the Internet to the most remote locations on Earth. Since the process of establishing these links incurs a setup…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

The increasing number of satellite deployments, both in the low and geostationary Earth orbit exacerbates the already ongoing scarcity of wireless resources when targeting ubiquitous connectivity. For the aim of supporting a massive number…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Marcel Grec , Federico Clazzer , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Andrea Munari , Gianluigi Liva , Petar Popovski

Satellite missions demand ever greater connectivity, especially in the LEO regime. In this paper, we introduce the new mega-constellation services in space paradigm: we show that megaconstellations, deployed to offer innovative services to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 G. Maiolini Capez , M. A. Caceres , C. P. Bridges , S. Frey , R. Armellin , R. Garello , P. Bargellini

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the link budget for free-space optical systems involving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. We develop a detailed model of the satellite-to-ground channel that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Artur Czerwinski , Jakub J. Borkowski , Saeed Haddadi

One of the main drivers of 5G cellular networks is provision of connectivity service for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the potential volume of IoT devices at a global scale, the next leap is to integrate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Stefano Cioni , Petar Popovski

In recent years, the emergence of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has introduced unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity. However, routing efficiency and inter-shell communication remain key challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hailong Su , Jinshu Su , Yusheng Xia , Haibin Li

Based on the vision of global coverage for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems, the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-to-ground channel model for urban scenarios has emerged as highly important for the system design. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Jiahao Ning , Jinhao Deng , Yuanfang Li , Chi Zhao , Jiashu Liu , Songjiang Yang , Yinghua Wang , Jie Huang , Cheng-Xiang Wang

This work evaluates the potential of High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites as alternative or complementary systems to enhance Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. We first analyze the transmission…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jean Michel de Souza Sant'Ana , Felipe Augusto Tondo , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Aamir Mahmood

We study spectrum sharing between two dense low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, an incumbent primary system and a secondary system that must respect interference protection constraints on the primary system. In particular, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Taekyun Lee , Jeffrey G. Andrews

In this paper, we focus on the use of Low-Eart Orbit (LEO) satellites providing the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) connectivity to the on-ground user equipment (UEs). Conventional resource allocation algorithms for the NBIoT systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 O. Kodheli , N. Maturo , S. Chatzinotas , S. Andrenacci , F. Zimmer

Satellite networks are recognized as an effective solution to ensure seamless connectivity worldwide, catering to a diverse range of applications. However, the broad coverage and broadcasting nature of satellite networks also expose them to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Daeun Kim , Namyoon Lee