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A realistic interpretation of Schroedinger and Dirac equations for density matrices is proposed, in which the difference between the position arguments of the density matrix is considered as an objective extra space dimension. "Particle"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Raiteri

A novel realization of the classical SU(2) algebra is introduced for the Dirac relativistic hydrogen atom defining a set of operators that, besides, allow the factorization of the problem. An extra phase is needed as a new variable in order…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-15 R. P. Martínez-y-Romero , A. L. Salas-Brito , Jaime Saldaña-Vega

A brief review of the different ways of the Dirac equation derivation is given. The foundations of the relativistic canonical quantum mechanics of a fermionic doublet are formulated. In our approach the Dirac equation is derived from the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 V. Simulik , I. Krivsky

Following a short discussion of some unresolved issues in the standard model of cosmology (considered to be a generic LCDM model with flat geometry and an early period of inflation), an update on the current state of research regarding the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-28 J. C. Lindner

It is generally acknowledged that neither the Klein-Gordon equation nor the Dirac Hamiltonian can produce sound solitary-particle relativistic quantum mechanics due to the ill effects of their negative-energy solutions; instead their…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-23 Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

In his analysis of the Classical Theory of Radiating Electrons, Dirac (1938) draws attention to the characteristic instability of solutions to the third order equation of motion. He remarks that changing the sign of the self-force…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 M. A. Oliver

We review the main arguments against antigravity, a different acceleration of antimatter relative to matter in a gravitational field, discussing and challenging Morrison's, Good's and Schiff's arguments. Following Price, we show that, very…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-14 Gabriel Chardin , Giovanni Manfredi

We propose a hole theory for bosons, in which, analogous to fermions, a hole produced by the annihilation of one negative energy boson is an anti-particle. We show that the boson vacuum indeed also consists of a sea in which all negative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Yoshinobu Habara , Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

We review recent results on a mean-field model for relativistic electrons in atoms and molecules, which allows to describe at the same time the self-consistent behavior of the polarized Dirac sea. We quickly derive this model from Quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Mathieu Lewin

We revisit the negative energy solutions of the Dirac equation, which become relevant at very high energies and study several symmetries which follow therefrom. The consequences are briefly examined.

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Burra G. Sidharth

As currently understood since its discovery, the bare Klein-Gordon theory consists of negative quantum probabilities which are considered to be physically meaningless if not outright obsolete. Despite this annoying setback, these negative…

General Physics · Physics 2013-08-23 Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya

Within the framework of classical field theory, the connection between the Dirac field as the field of matter and the spacetime metric is discussed. Polarization structure of the Dirac field is shown to be rich enough to determine the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-23 Alexander Makhlin

This article presents a precise description of the interplay between the symmetries of a quantum or classical theory with spacetime interpretation, and some of its physical properties relating to causality, horizons and positive energy. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Christophe Patricot

The essence of special relativity is hiding in the equal existence of particle and antiparticle, which can be expressed by two discrete symmetries within one inertial frame --- the invariance under the (newly defined) space-time inversion…

General Physics · Physics 2010-07-20 Guang-jiong Ni , Suqing Chen , Senyue Lou , Jianjun Xu

We consider a departure from standard quantum field theory, constructed so as to permit momentum eigenstates of both positive and negative energy. The resulting theory is intriguing because it brings about the cancellation of leading…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-08-03 Robert Dickinson , Jeff Forshaw , Peter Millington

The quantum Rabi model has been a useful and pedagogical quantum model in the past decades, sufficiently simple to be solved analytically and intuitively understood, while sufficiently complex as to provide highly non-trivial eigenstates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Lucas Lamata

The action for gravity and the standard model includes, as well as the positive energy fermion and boson fields, negative energy fields. The Hamiltonian for the action leads through a positive and negative energy symmetry of the vacuum to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

The hypothesis is suggested that the equation for the Dirac free wave field is, in fact, a group-theoretical relation describing propagation of specific microscopic deviations of space geometry from the euclidean one (closed topological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-26 O. A. Olkhov

In this paper we set-up a general framework for a formal deformation theory of Dirac structures. We give a parameterization of formal deformations in terms of two-forms obeying a cubic equation. The notion of equivalence is discussed in…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2009-11-11 Frank Keller , Stefan Waldmann

The nilpotent Dirac formalism has been shown, in previous publications, to generate new physical explanations for aspects of particle physics, with the additional possibility of calculating some of the parameters involved in the Standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Rowlands