Related papers: The Negative Energy Sea
We provide general relativistic treatment of the single-component field described by Dirac's positive-energy wave equation of 1971. It is motivated by Bogomolny's proposal to regard that field as a possible candidate for dark matter. Our…
Chiral, conformal and ghost number anomalies are discussed from the viewpoint of the quantum vacuum in Hamiltonian formalism. After introducing the energy cut-off, we derive known anomalies in a new way. We show that the physical origin of…
A novel interpretation is given of Dirac's "wave equation for the relativistic electron" as a quantum-mechanical one-particle equation. In this interpretation the electron and the positron are merely the two different "topological spin"…
We consider the long standing problem in field theories of bosons that the boson vacuum does not consist of a `sea', unlike the fermion vacuum. We show with the help of supersymmetry considerations that the boson vacuum indeed does also…
It is proposed to make formulation of second quantizing a bosonic theory by generalizing the method of filling the Dirac negative energy sea for fermions. We interpret that the correct vacuum for the bosonic theory is obtained by adding…
It is proposed to make formulation of second quantizing a bosonic theory by generalizing the method of filling the Dirac negative energy sea for fermions. We interpret that the correct vacuum for the bosonic theory is obtained by adding…
This report offers a modern perspective on the problem of negative energy, based on a re-examination of the concept of time direction as it arises in a classical and quantum-mechanical context. From this analysis emerges an improved…
We review the standards of relativistic quantum mechanics such as the Dirac equation under the concept of negative masses. We show that negative energies are acceptable provided the masses are simultaneously negative. Negative energy and…
Credible reasons are presented to reveal that many of the lingering century old enigmas, surrounding the behavior of at least an individual quantum particle, can be comprehended in terms of an objectively real specific wave function. This…
We consider introducing the Dirac sea in a quantum cellular automata model of fermions in discrete spacetime which approximates the Dirac equation in the continuum limit. However, if we attempt to fill up the `negative' energy states, we…
The application of the CPT theorem to an apple falling on Earth leads to the description of an anti-apple falling on anti-Earth (not on Earth). On the microscopic level, the Dirac equation in curved space-time simultaneously describes…
Negative states are an intrinsic property of relativistic quantum theory and related to anti-particles in the context of the Dirac sea concept. We show that negative states can dominantly contribute to the diffraction amplitude in the…
We study the bound states of anti-nucleons emerging from the lower continuum in finite nuclei within the relativistic Hartree approach including the contributions of the Dirac sea to the source terms of the meson fields. The Dirac equation…
The proof of the stability of matter is three decades old, but the question of stability when arbitrarily large magnetic fields are taken into account was settled only recently. Even more recent is the solution to the question of the…
The concept of antimatter is extremely important, but not always discussed as it deserves, balancing ideas and formalism. In this note, we gather some insights to present it effectively, following certain steps taken in the history of…
We consider wave functions in the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}=L^2(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{C}^4)$ of a single Dirac particle, specifically from the positive-energy subspace $\mathcal{H}_+$ of the free Dirac Hamiltonian. Over the decades, various…
The solutions of a particle's Dirac equation contains a negative kinetic energy (NKE) branch. Such an energy spectrum has an upper limit but no lower limit, so that the system with this spectrum, called NKE system, is of negative…
We build the fully relativistic quantum field theory related to the asymmetric Dirac fields. These fields are solutions of the asymmetric Dirac equation, a Lorentz covariant Dirac-like equation whose positive and "negative" frequency plane…
A relativistic quantum mechanics is studied for bound hadronic systems in the framework of the Point Form Relativistic Hamiltonian Dynamics. Negative energy states are introduced taking into account the restrictions imposed by a correct…
The abstract mathematical structure behind the positive energy quantization of linear classical systems is described. It is separated into 3 stages: the description of a classical system, the algebraic quantization and the Hilbert space…