Related papers: The Negative Energy Sea
We analyse a modified Dirac equation based on a noncommutative structure in phase space. The noncommutative structure induces generalised momenta and contributions to the energy levels of the standard Dirac equation. Using techniques of…
We introduce a special class of bimetric theories of quantized fields with preserved classical energy conditions. More precisely, we describe the missing anti-particles in our visible universe as being trapped in a spacetime patch with…
A number of well-known difficulties in physics resulted from merging the theory of relativity with the Compton-de Broglie wave mechanics. Two such problems were the failure of Dirac's relativistic wave equation to predict the correct…
The quantum mechanical description of phase remains a fundamental challenge, with theoretical efforts tracing from the early works of London and Dirac to discrete formalisms. In this work, we extend the action-angle formalism to the…
We identify a number of problematic aspects of current classical and quantum theories of antimatter; we introduce a new mathematical formalism which is an antiautomorphic image of that of matter equivalent to charge conjugation at the…
The basic principles of generalization of the group theoretical approach to the relativistic wave equations on curved spaces are examined. The general method of the determination of wave equations from the known symmetry group of a…
The connection between the Dirac field as the field of matter and the spacetime metric is discussed within the framework of classical field theory. Polarization structure of the Dirac field is shown to be rich enough to determine the…
Negative and complex numbers are so familiar in modern mathematics, physics, and engineering that it is easy to forget how uncertain their status once was. They did not become established through a single route. This article follows four…
The unified generalized non-local quantum kinetic and hydrodynamic theory is applied for mathematical modeling of objects in the giant scale diapason from the galaxy and Universe scale to atom structures. The principle of universal…
We analyze the Lagrangian density and canonical stress-energy tensor for the Dirac equation, where the Dirac bispinor has been recast as a multivector set of fields. For the massless Dirac field, the sign of the energy density is determined…
We examine one-dimensional quantum scattering of a Dirac particle off relativistic potential barriers. With proper considerations of Dirac sea, existence of anomalous tunneling at zero incident-energy is revealed for a particular type of…
The parametrized Dirac wave equation represents position and time as operators, and can be formulated for many particles. It thus provides, unlike field-theoretic Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), an elementary and unrestricted representation…
We recall Dirac's early proposals to develop a description of quantum phenomena in terms of a non-commutative algebra in which he suggested a way to construct what he called `quantum trajectories'. Generalising these ideas, we show how they…
Negative solutions are possible for Einstein's Special Relativity equation, as well as Dirac's, Maxwell's, and Schrodinger's equations; and Schrodinger's equation utilizes antitime to calculate quantum probabilities. Also, since no ground…
Dyson published in 1990 a proof due to Feynman of the Maxwell equations. This proof is based on the assumption of simple commutation relations between position and velocity. We first study a nonrelativistic particle using Feynman formalism.…
Using the China unitary principle to test the Dirac theoryfor the hydrogen atomic spectrum shows that the standard Dirac function withthe Dirac energy levels is only one the formal solutions of theDirac-Coulomb equation, which conceals some…
A relativistic equation is proposed for the bound state of two particles, which is in accord with the boundary condition for the propagation of the negative-energy states and reduces to the (one-body)Dirac equation in the infinite limit of…
It is shown that the Dirac sea can be uniquely defined for the Dirac equation with general interaction, if we impose a causality condition on the Dirac sea. We derive an explicit formula for the Dirac sea in terms of a power series in the…
It is suggested symmetric relative to particles and antiparticles formulation of the Dirac theory, in which the states with negative energy are excluded. The fields of particles and antiparticles are associated with the wave functions, for…
Quantum solitons are discovered with the help of generalized quantum hydrodynamics. The solitons have the character of the stable quantum objects in the self consistent electric field. The delivered theory demonstrates the great…