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Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) faces a significant hurdle that sets it apart from other fields, such as image or text generation, which is limited annotated data. Many existing methods for procedural level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Negar Mirgati , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) in games involves using machine learning techniques to create game content such as maps and levels. 2D tile-based game levels have consistently served as a standard dataset for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mahsa Bazzaz , Seth Cooper

Serious Games (SGs) are nowadays shifting focus to include procedural content generation (PCG) in the development process as a means of offering personalized and enhanced player experience. However, the development of a framework to assess…

Automatically adapting game content to players opens new doors for game development. In this paper we propose an architecture using persona agents and experience metrics, which enables evolving procedurally generated levels tailored for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Pedro M. Fernandes , Jonathan Jørgensen , Niels N. T. G. Poldervaart

Large language models (LLMs) offer promise for dynamic game content generation, but they face critical barriers, including narrative incoherence and high operational costs. Due to their large size, they are often accessed in the cloud,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Morten I. K. Munk , Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) offers scalable methods for algorithmically creating complex, customizable worlds. However, controlling these pipelines requires the precise configuration of opaque technical parameters. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Lim Chien Her , Ming Yan , Yunshu Bai , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in a variety of domains, learning directly from high-dimensional sensory streams. However, when neural networks are trained in a fixed environment, such as a single level in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Niels Justesen , Ruben Rodriguez Torrado , Philip Bontrager , Ahmed Khalifa , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Online learning has experienced rapid growth due to its flexibility and accessibility. Personalization, adapted to the needs of individual learners, is crucial for enhancing the learning experience, particularly in online settings. A key…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohammadreza Molavi , Mohammadreza Tavakoli , Mohammad Moein , Abdolali Faraji , Gábor Kismihók

Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML), the study of generating game levels with machine learning, has received a large amount of recent academic attention. For certain measures these approaches have shown success at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Matthew Guzdial , Nicholas Liao , Mark Riedl

Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering techniques must…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ricardo B. D. d'Oliveira , Antonio L. Apolinário

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Recent procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) methods allow learning from existing content to produce similar content automatically. While these approaches are able to generate content for different games (e.g. Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Vanessa Volz , Niels Justesen , Sam Snodgrass , Sahar Asadi , Sami Purmonen , Christoffer Holmgård , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) foregoes the need for large human-authored data-sets and allows agents to train explicitly on functional constraints, using computable, user-defined measures of quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zehua Jiang , Sam Earle , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) enables game content to be created algorithmically without direct manual level-design effort, but it introduces a serious evaluation problem: generated content may become unbalanced, blocked, repetitive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rishabh Kar

We propose the problem of tutorial generation for games, i.e. to generate tutorials which can teach players to play games, as an AI problem. This problem can be approached in several ways, including generating natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Julian Togelius

A long-standing challenge for search and conversational assistants is query intention detection in ambiguous queries. Asking clarifying questions in conversational search has been widely studied and considered an effective solution to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Zhenduo Wang , Yuancheng Tu , Corby Rosset , Nick Craswell , Ming Wu , Qingyao Ai

Since the dawn of Trading Card Games, the genre has grown into a multi-billion-dollar industry engaging millions of analog and digital players worldwide. Popular TCGs rely on regular updates, balance adjustments, and rotating constraints to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Johannes Pfau , Panagiotis Vrettis

Language-modeling--based approaches to story plot generation attempt to construct a plot by sampling from a language model (LM) to predict the next character, word, or sentence to add to the story. LM techniques lack the ability to receive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Pradyumna Tambwekar , Murtaza Dhuliawala , Lara J. Martin , Animesh Mehta , Brent Harrison , Mark O. Riedl

In this paper, we present a method for automated persona-driven video game tutorial level generation. Tutorial levels are scenarios in which the player can explore and discover different rules and game mechanics. Procedural personas can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , M Charity , Julian Togelius