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This paper presents an automated approach for designing processors that support a subset of the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) for a new class of applications at Extreme Edge. The electronics used in extreme edge applications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alireza Raisiardali , Konstantinos Iordanou , Jedrzej Kufel , Kowshik Gudimetla , Kris Myny , Emre Ozer

This project focuses on making a RISC-V CPU Core using the Logisim software. RISC-V is significant because it will allow smaller device manufacturers to build hardware without paying royalties and allow developers and researchers to design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Siddesh D. Patil , Premraj V. Jadhav , Siddharth Sankhe

This paper describes our experience implementing a Hypervisor extension for a 64-bit RISC-V processor. We describe the design process and the main required parts with a brief explanation of each one.

With the rapid development of scientific computation, more and more researchers and developers are committed to implementing various workloads/operations on different devices. Among all these devices, NVIDIA GPU is the most popular choice…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Ruobing Han , Blaise Tine , Jaewon Lee , Jaewoong Sim , Hyesoon Kim

Spiking Neural Network processing promises to provide high energy efficiency due to the sparsity of the spiking events. However, when realized on general-purpose hardware -- such as a RISC-V processor -- this promise can be undermined and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Wiktor J. Szczerek , Artur Podobas

In this paper, we propose an architecture/methodology for making FPGAs suitable for integer as well as variable precision floating point multiplication. The proposed work will of great importance in applications which requires variable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2007-11-19 Himanshu Thapliyal , Hamid R. Arabnia , Rajnish Bajpai , Kamal K. Sharma

A range of RISC-V based accelerators are available and coming to market, and there is strong potential for these to be used for High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads. However, such accelerators tend to provide bespoke programming…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nick Brown , Jake Davies , Felix LeClair

RISC-V's limited security features hinder its use in confidential computing and heterogeneous platforms. This paper introduces RISecure-PUF, a security extension utilizing existing Physical Unclonable Functions for key generation and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Chenghao Chen , Xiaolin Zhang , Kailun Qin , Tengfei Wang , Yipeng Shi , Tianyi Huang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

RISC-V is an emerging technology, with applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance servers. Therefore, more and more security-critical workloads will be conducted with code that is compiled for RISC-V. Well-known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Jan Wichelmann , Christopher Peredy , Florian Sieck , Anna Pätschke , Thomas Eisenbarth

While most instruction set architectures (ISAs) are only available to use through the purchase of a restrictive commercial license, the RISC-V ISA presents a free and open-source alternative. Due to this availability, many free and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ian McDougall , Harish Batchu , Michael Davies , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam

Edge AI inference is becoming prevalent thanks to the emergence of small yet high-performance microprocessors. This shift from cloud to edge processing brings several benefits in terms of energy savings, improved latency, and increased…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Nuntipat Narkthong , Xiaolin Xu

Compared to the first generation of deep neural networks, dominated by regular, compute-intensive kernels such as matrix multiplications (MatMuls) and convolutions, modern decoder-based transformers interleave attention, normalization, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Max Wipfli , Gamze İslamoğlu , Navaneeth Kunhi Purayil , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

RISC-V is a recently developed open instruction set architecture gaining a lot of attention. To achieve a lasting security on these systems and design efficient countermeasures, a better understanding of vulnerabilities to novel and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Loïc Buckwell , Olivier Gilles , Daniel Gracia Pérez , Nikolai Kosmatov

Floating point arithmetic remains expensive on FPGA platforms due to wide datapaths and normalization logic, motivating alternative representations that preserve dynamic range at lower cost. This work introduces the Hybrid Residue Floating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Mostafa Darvishi

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the RISC-V instruction set architecture, focusing on its modular design, implementation challenges, and performance characteristics. We examine the RV32I base instruction set with extensions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanshu Yadav

The complexity of automotive systems is increasing quickly due to the integration of novel functionalities such as assisted or autonomous driving. However, increasing complexity poses considerable challenges to the automotive supply chain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Luca Cuomo , Claudio Scordino , Alessandro Ottaviano , Nils Wistoff , Robert Balas , Luca Benini , Errico Guidieri , Ida Maria Savino

Funded by the UK ExCALIBUR H&ES exascale programme, since early 2022 we have provided a RISC-V testbed for HPC to offer free access for scientific software developers to experiment with RISC-V for their workloads. Based upon our experiences…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nick Brown

The Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines processor operations and serves as the interface between hardware and software. As an open ISA, RISC-V lowers the barriers to processor design and encourages widespread adoption, but also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hao Lyu , Jingzheng Wu , Xiang Ling , Yicheng Zhong , Zhiyuan Li , Tianyue Luo

The customizability of RISC-V makes it an attractive choice for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs). It can be achieved through instruction set extensions and corresponding custom functional units. Yet, efficiently exploiting these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Muhammad Sabih , Abrarul Karim , Jakob Wittmann , Frank Hannig , Jürgen Teich