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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have long been the dominant architecture in sequence-to-sequence learning. RNNs, however, are inherently sequential models that do not allow parallelization of their computations. Transformers are emerging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Mirko Bronzi , Jianyuan Zhong

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

From natural language processing to vision, Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA) is the backbone of most modern deep learning applications. Unfortunately, its memory and computational requirements can be prohibitive in low-resource settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Peyman Hosseini , Mehran Hosseini , Ignacio Castro , Matthew Purver

In the past decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown prominence for semantic segmentation. Although CNN models have very impressive performance, the ability to capture global representation is still insufficient, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Guoan Xu , Juncheng Li , Guangwei Gao , Huimin Lu , Jian Yang , Dong Yue

Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on various sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language understanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Shaojie Bai , Makoto Yamada , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Transformer-based large language models (e.g., BERT and GPT) achieve great success, and fine-tuning, which tunes a pre-trained model on a task-specific dataset, is the standard practice to utilize these models for downstream tasks. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuntao Gui , Xiao Yan , Peiqi Yin , Han Yang , James Cheng

Speech enhancement is a demanding task in automated speech processing pipelines, focusing on separating clean speech from noisy channels. Transformer based models have recently bested RNN and CNN models in speech enhancement, however at the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jinyu Long , Jetic Gū , Binhao Bai , Zhibo Yang , Ping Wei , Junli Li

Transformer is a new kind of neural architecture which encodes the input data as powerful features via the attention mechanism. Basically, the visual transformers first divide the input images into several local patches and then calculate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Kai Han , An Xiao , Enhua Wu , Jianyuan Guo , Chunjing Xu , Yunhe Wang

The recently developed pure Transformer architectures have attained promising accuracy on point cloud learning benchmarks compared to convolutional neural networks. However, existing point cloud Transformers are computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Cheng Zhang , Haocheng Wan , Xinyi Shen , Zizhao Wu

Transformer networks have emerged as the state-of-the-art approach for natural language processing tasks and are gaining popularity in other domains such as computer vision and audio processing. However, the efficient hardware acceleration…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Gianna Paulin , Tim Fischer , Victor J. B. Jung , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

We propose focal modulation networks (FocalNets in short), where self-attention (SA) is completely replaced by a focal modulation mechanism for modeling token interactions in vision. Focal modulation comprises three components: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan , Jianfeng Gao

Dot-product attention mechanism plays a crucial role in modern deep architectures (e.g., Transformer) for sequence modeling, however, na\"ive exact computation of this model incurs quadratic time and memory complexities in sequence length,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Majid Daliri , Amin Karbasi

Transformer-based deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various computer vision tasks, largely attributed to their long-range self-attention mechanism and scalability. However, most transformer architectures embed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Muyi Bao , Changyu Zeng , Yifan Wang , Zhengni Yang , Zimu Wang , Guangliang Cheng , Jun Qi , Wei Wang

Transformers have enabled impressive improvements in deep learning. They often outperform recurrent and convolutional models in many tasks while taking advantage of parallel processing. Recently, we proposed the SepFormer, which obtains…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-30 Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Francois Grondin , Mirko Bronzi

Transformer-based models have made remarkable progress in image restoration (IR) tasks. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer hinders its applicability to high-resolution images. Existing methods mitigate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yuang Ai , Huaibo Huang , Tao Wu , Qihang Fan , Ran He

While linear-complexity attention mechanisms offer a promising alternative to Softmax attention for overcoming the quadratic bottleneck, training such models from scratch remains prohibitively expensive. Inheriting weights from pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yining Li , Dongchen Han , Zeyu Liu , Hanyi Wang , Yulin Wang , Gao Huang

Since their introduction the Trasformer architectures emerged as the dominating architectures for both natural language processing and, more recently, computer vision applications. An intrinsic limitation of this family of "fully-attentive"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Carmelo Scribano , Giorgia Franchini , Marco Prato , Marko Bertogna

Currently, one main research line in designing a more efficient vision transformer is reducing the computational cost of self attention modules by adopting sparse attention or using local attention windows. In contrast, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Haokui Zhang , Wenze Hu , Xiaoyu Wang

Self-attention module shows outstanding competence in capturing long-range relationships while enhancing performance on vision tasks, such as image classification and image captioning. However, the self-attention module highly relies on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Guangyang Zhu , Jianfeng Zhang , Yuanzhi Feng , Hai Lan

Existing semantic segmentation works have been mainly focused on designing effective decoders; however, the computational load introduced by the overall structure has long been ignored, which hinders their applications on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Bo Dong , Pichao Wang , Fan Wang