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Transformer-based approaches have revolutionized image super-resolution by modeling long-range dependencies. However, the quadratic computational complexity of vanilla self-attention mechanisms poses significant challenges, often leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Dinh Phu Tran , Thao Do , Saad Wazir , Seongah Kim , Seon Kwon Kim , Daeyoung Kim

Transformers have transformed the field of natural language processing. This performance is largely attributed to the use of stacked self-attention layers, each of which consists of matrix multiplies as well as softmax operations. As a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Jacob R. Stevens , Rangharajan Venkatesan , Steve Dai , Brucek Khailany , Anand Raghunathan

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

Document-level Neural Machine Translation (DocNMT) has been proven crucial for handling discourse phenomena by introducing document-level context information. One of the most important directions is to input the whole document directly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zihan Liu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Shujian Huang , Mingxuan Wang

The point cloud learning community witnesses a modeling shift from CNNs to Transformers, where pure Transformer architectures have achieved top accuracy on the major learning benchmarks. However, existing point Transformers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Zhang Cheng , Haocheng Wan , Xinyi Shen , Zizhao Wu

Recently, vision transformers have become very popular. However, deploying them in many applications is computationally expensive partly due to the Softmax layer in the attention block. We introduce a simple but effective, Softmax-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Hamed Pirsiavash

Initially introduced as a machine translation model, the Transformer architecture has now become the foundation for modern deep learning architecture, with applications in a wide range of fields, from computer vision to natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Martin Courtois , Malte Ostendorff , Leonhard Hennig , Georg Rehm

Recently, several studies reported that dot-product selfattention (SA) may not be indispensable to the state-of-theart Transformer models. Motivated by the fact that dense synthesizer attention (DSA), which dispenses with dot products and…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Menglong Xu , Shengqiang Li , Xiao-Lei Zhang

We present SegNeXt, a simple convolutional network architecture for semantic segmentation. Recent transformer-based models have dominated the field of semantic segmentation due to the efficiency of self-attention in encoding spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Meng-Hao Guo , Cheng-Ze Lu , Qibin Hou , Zhengning Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng , Shi-Min Hu

The maximum element of the vector output by the Softmax function approaches zero as the input vector size increases. Transformer-based language models rely on Softmax to compute attention scores, causing the attention distribution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Ken M. Nakanishi

Recently, transformer-based networks have shown impressive results in semantic segmentation. Yet for real-time semantic segmentation, pure CNN-based approaches still dominate in this field, due to the time-consuming computation mechanism of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jian Wang , Chenhui Gou , Qiman Wu , Haocheng Feng , Junyu Han , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang

The attention module is the key component in Transformers. While the global attention mechanism offers high expressiveness, its excessive computational cost restricts its applicability in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Dongchen Han , Tianzhu Ye , Yizeng Han , Zhuofan Xia , Siyuan Pan , Pengfei Wan , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Transformer-based architectures traditionally employ softmax to compute attention weights, which produces dense distributions over all tokens in a sequence. While effective in many settings, this density has been shown to be detrimental for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pavlo Vasylenko , Hugo Pitorro , André F. T. Martins , Marcos Treviso

Transformers have achieved success in both language and vision domains. However, it is prohibitively expensive to scale them to long sequences such as long documents or high-resolution images, because self-attention mechanism has quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chen Zhu , Wei Ping , Chaowei Xiao , Mohammad Shoeybi , Tom Goldstein , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Transformers have shown great potential in computer vision tasks. A common belief is their attention-based token mixer module contributes most to their competence. However, recent works show the attention-based module in Transformers can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Weihao Yu , Mi Luo , Pan Zhou , Chenyang Si , Yichen Zhou , Xinchao Wang , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan

Transformers have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in speech separation. These models, however, are computationally demanding and require a lot of learnable parameters. This paper explores Transformer-based speech separation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Frédéric Lepoutre , François Grondin

Attention is a key part of the transformer architecture. It is a sequence-to-sequence mapping that transforms each sequence element into a weighted sum of values. The weights are typically obtained as the softmax of dot products between…

While transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically support massive context windows, they suffer from severe performance degradation when processing long numerical sequences. We attribute this failure to the attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jie Sun , Yu Liu , Lu Han , Qiwen Deng , Xiang Shu , Yang Xiao , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Pengfei Liu , Lintao Ma , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

Transformer architecture has emerged to be successful in a number of natural language processing tasks. However, its applications to medical vision remain largely unexplored. In this study, we present UTNet, a simple yet powerful hybrid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Yunhe Gao , Mu Zhou , Dimitris Metaxas

Attention mechanisms, particularly softmax attention, have been instrumental in the success of transformer-based models such as GPT. However, the quadratic memory complexity of softmax attention with respect to sequence length poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Gabriel Mongaras , Trevor Dohm , Eric C. Larson