Related papers: Generalization in medical AI: a perspective on dev…

This paper provides an overview of the current and near-future applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and Health Care and presents a classification according to their ethical and societal aspects, potential benefits and…

Domain generalization is a technique aimed at enabling models to maintain high accuracy when applied to new environments or datasets (unseen domains) that differ from the datasets used in training. Generally, the accuracy of models trained…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated the ability to extract insights from data, but the issue of fairness remains a concern in high-stakes fields such as healthcare. Despite extensive discussion and efforts in algorithm…

The proliferation of pretrained models, as a result of advancements in pretraining techniques, has led to the emergence of a vast zoo of publicly available models. Effectively utilizing these resources to obtain models with robust…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the…

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

With the advance of deep learning, much progress has been made in building powerful artificial intelligence (AI) systems for automatic Chest X-ray (CXR) analysis. Most existing AI models are trained to be a binary classifier with the aim of…

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as diffusion models and OpenAI's ChatGPT, are transforming medicine by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and automating clinical workflows. The field has advanced rapidly, evolving from…

In this paper we aim to refine the concept of grand challenges in medical image analysis, based on statistical principles from quantitative and qualitative experimental research. We identify two types of challenges based on their…

Medical Image Analysis (MedIA) has become indispensable in modern healthcare, enhancing clinical diagnostics and personalized treatment. Despite the remarkable advancements supported by deep learning (DL) technologies, their practical…

This paper quantitatively reveals the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice AI systems only achieve acceptable performance on the stringent conditions that all categories of subjects are known, which we call closed clinical settings,…

The increasing complexity of AI systems has made understanding their behavior critical. Numerous interpretability methods have been developed to attribute model behavior to three key aspects: input features, training data, and internal…

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as a significant breakthrough. LLMs are increasingly making an impact across various industries, with the medical field…

Over the past decades, researchers and ML practitioners have come up with better and better ways to build, understand and improve the quality of ML models, but mostly under the key assumption that the training data is distributed…

Drug discovery is adapting to novel technologies such as data science, informatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate effective treatment development while reducing costs and animal experiments. AI is transforming drug…

Robust prediction of molecular properties under extreme out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is a pivotal bottleneck in AI-driven drug discovery. Current scaffold-splitting protocols fail to obstruct microscopic semantic overlap,…

The complexity of psychological principles underscore a significant societal challenge, given the vast social implications of psychological problems. Bridging the gap between understanding these principles and their actual clinical and…

The ability to learn polynomials and generalize out-of-distribution is essential for simulation metamodels in many disciplines of engineering, where the time step updates are described by polynomials. While feed forward neural networks can…

Much of the research focus on AI alignment seeks to align large language models and other foundation models to the context-less and generic values of helpfulness, harmlessness, and honesty. Frontier model providers also strive to align…

The automatic detection of skin diseases via dermoscopic images can improve the efficiency in diagnosis and help doctors make more accurate judgments. However, conventional skin disease recognition systems may produce high confidence for…