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Quality Estimation (QE) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) predict the quality of the hypothesis without having access to the reference. An emerging research direction in NMT involves the use of QE models, which have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Koneru , Matthias Huck , Miriam Exel , Jan Niehues

Word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation (MT) aims to find out potential translation errors in the translated sentence without reference. Typically, conventional works on word-level QE are designed to predict the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yuanmeng Yan , Jie Zhou

Sentence level quality estimation (QE) for machine translation (MT) attempts to predict the translation edit rate (TER) cost of post-editing work required to correct MT output. We describe our view on sentence-level QE as dictated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Junpei Zhou , Ciprian Chelba , Yuezhang , Li

Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of evaluating translation output in the absence of human-written references. Due to the scarcity of human-labeled QE data, previous works attempted to utilize the abundant unlabeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Baopu Qiu , Liang Ding , Di Wu , Lin Shang , Yibing Zhan , Dacheng Tao

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of evaluating the quality of a translation when reference translation is not available. The goal of QE aligns with the task of corpus filtering, where we assign the quality score to the sentence pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Akshay Batheja , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Translation Quality Estimation is critical to reducing post-editing efforts in machine translation and to cross-lingual corpus cleaning. As a research problem, quality estimation (QE) aims to directly estimate the quality of translation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Mingjun Zhao , Haijiang Wu , Di Niu , Zixuan Wang , Xiaoli Wang

Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) assesses translation reliability without reference texts. This study introduces "textual similarity" as a new metric for QE, using sentence transformers and cosine similarity to measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

Machine translation quality estimation (QE) predicts human judgements of a translation hypothesis without seeing the reference. State-of-the-art QE systems based on pretrained language models have been achieving remarkable correlations with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Vilém Zouhar , Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Wangchunshu Zhou , Nico Daheim , Tom Kocmi , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Mrinmaya Sachan

It is expensive to evaluate the results of Machine Translation(MT), which usually requires manual translation as a reference. Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is a task of predicting the quality of machine translations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Lei Lin

Quality Estimation (QE) models have the potential to change how we evaluate and maybe even train machine translation models. However, these models still lack the robustness to achieve general adoption. We show that State-of-the-art QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit , Jiho Lee , Derry Wijaya

Quality Estimation (QE) is an important component in making Machine Translation (MT) useful in real-world applications, as it is aimed to inform the user on the quality of the MT output at test time. Existing approaches require large…

Current Machine Translation systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and data sets. However, it is now well known that they produce fluent translation outputs that often can contain important meaning errors.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Vibhuti Kumari , Narayana Murthy Kavi

Recent years have seen big advances in the field of sentence-level quality estimation (QE), largely as a result of using neural-based architectures. However, the majority of these methods work only on the language pair they are trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation (MT) is a task to estimate the quality scores for given translation outputs from an unknown MT system. However, QE scores for low-resource languages are usually intractable and hard to collect.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ting-Wei Wu , Yung-An Hsieh , Yi-Chieh Liu

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

Neural machine translation systems estimate probabilities of target sentences given source sentences, yet these estimates may not align with human preferences. This work introduces QE-fusion, a method that synthesizes translations using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Giorgos Vernikos , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Quality Estimation (QE) is an important component of the machine translation workflow as it assesses the quality of the translated output without consulting reference translations. In this paper, we discuss our submission to the WMT 2021 QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Shaika Chowdhury , Naouel Baili , Brian Vannah

Recent advances in statistical machine translation via the adoption of neural sequence-to-sequence models empower the end-to-end system to achieve state-of-the-art in many WMT benchmarks. The performance of such machine translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Kai Fan , Jiayi Wang , Bo Li , Fengming Zhou , Boxing Chen , Luo Si

Quality estimation (QE) plays a crucial role in machine translation (MT) workflows, as it serves to evaluate generated outputs that have no reference translations and to determine whether human post-editing or full retranslation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Assaf Siani , Anna Kernerman , Ilan Kernerman

Quality Estimation (QE) metrics are vital in machine translation for reference-free evaluation and increasingly serve as selection criteria in data filtering and candidate reranking. However, the prevalence and impact of length bias in QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yilin Zhang , Wenda Xu , Zhongtao Liu , Tetsuji Nakagawa , Markus Freitag
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