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Multi-modal Large Language Models (LLM) have advanced conversational abilities but struggle with providing live, interactive step-by-step guidance, a key capability for future AI assistants. Effective guidance requires not only delivering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Apratim Bhattacharyya , Bicheng Xu , Sanjay Haresh , Reza Pourreza , Litian Liu , Sunny Panchal , Pulkit Madan , Leonid Sigal , Roland Memisevic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks, including instruction following, which is crucial for aligning model outputs with user expectations. However, evaluating LLMs' ability to follow…

Training large language models (LLMs) with open-domain instruction following data brings colossal success. However, manually creating such instruction data is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, humans may struggle to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Can Xu , Qingfeng Sun , Kai Zheng , Xiubo Geng , Pu Zhao , Jiazhan Feng , Chongyang Tao , Qingwei Lin , Daxin Jiang

Multimodal large language models are typically trained in two stages: first pre-training on image-text pairs, and then fine-tuning using supervised vision-language instruction data. Recent studies have shown that large language models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lai Wei , Xiaozhe Li , Zihao Jiang , Weiran Huang , Lichao Sun

With instruction tuning, Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance their ability to adhere to commands. Diverging from most works focusing on data mixing, our study concentrates on enhancing the model's capabilities from the perspective of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jun Rao , Xuebo Liu , Lian Lian , Shengjun Cheng , Yunjie Liao , Min Zhang

Humans often interact with large language models (LLMs) in multi-turn interaction to obtain desired answers or more information. However, most existing studies overlook the multi-turn instruction following ability of LLMs, in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yuchong Sun , Che Liu , Kun Zhou , Jinwen Huang , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

High-quality, large-scale instructions are crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs), however, there is a severe shortage of instruction in the field of natural language understanding (NLU). Previous works on constructing NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Lin Yuan , Jun Xu , Honghao Gui , Mengshu Sun , Zhiqiang Zhang , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in various natural language processing tasks such as question answering and machine translation. However, due to the lack of labeled data and the difficulty of manual annotation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xuan Lin , Long Chen , Yile Wang , Yangyang Chen , Xiangxiang Zeng

Instruction tuning large language models (LLMs) remains a challenging task, owing to the complexity of hyperparameter selection and the difficulty involved in evaluating the tuned models. To determine the optimal hyperparameters, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yidong Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Zhengran Zeng , Linyi Yang , Cunxiang Wang , Hao Chen , Chaoya Jiang , Rui Xie , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Yue Zhang

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in biomedical settings, and existing benchmark datasets have played an important role in supporting model development and evaluation. However, these benchmarks often have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kriti Bhattarai , Vipina K. Keloth , Donald Wright , Andrew Loza , Yang Ren , Hua Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly impacted the natural language processing (NLP) field, particularly for the English language. These models have demonstrated capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. The success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hasna Chouikhi , Manel Aloui , Cyrine Ben Hammou , Ghaith Chaabane , Haithem Kchaou , Chehir Dhaouadi

Predicting enzymatic reactions is crucial for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and drug discovery, yet it remains a complex and resource-intensive task. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Lorenzo Di Fruscia , Jana Marie Weber

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generalize effectively across numerous industry domains while executing a range of tasks. Many of these competencies are obtained from the data utilized during the pre-training…

Developing artificial intelligence (AI) for clinical research requires a comprehensive data foundation that supports model training and rigorous evaluation. Here, we introduce TrialPanorama, a large-scale structured resource that aggregates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zifeng Wang , Jiacheng Lin , Qiao Jin , Junyi Gao , Jathurshan Pradeepkumar , Pengcheng Jiang , Zhiyong Lu , Jimeng Sun

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

To advance biomedical vison-language model capabilities through scaling up, fine-tuning, and instruction tuning, develop vision-language models with improved performance in handling long text, explore strategies to efficiently adopt vision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Cheng Peng , Kai Zhang , Mengxian Lyu , Hongfang Liu , Lichao Sun , Yonghui Wu

In the past decades, recommender systems have attracted much attention in both research and industry communities, and a large number of studies have been devoted to developing effective recommendation models. Basically speaking, these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Junjie Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Yupeng Hou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Leyu Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models are expressive tools that enable complex tasks of text understanding within Computational Social Science. Their versatility, while beneficial, poses a barrier for establishing standardized best practices within the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Anders Giovanni Møller , Luca Maria Aiello

Instruction tuning plays a crucial role in shaping the outputs of language models (LMs) to desired styles. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method, Instruction Modelling (IM), which trains LMs by applying a loss function to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhengyan Shi , Adam X. Yang , Bin Wu , Laurence Aitchison , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani