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Bootstrap percolation is an often used model to study the spread of diseases, rumors, and information on sparse random graphs. The percolation process demonstrates a critical value such that the graph is either almost completely affected or…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-07 Peter Ballen , Sudipto Guha

The $r$-edge bootstrap percolation on a graph is an activation process of the edges. The process starts with some initially activated edges and then, in each round, any inactive edge whose one of endpoints is incident to at least $r$ active…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Meysam Miralaei , Ali Mohammadian , Behruz Tayfeh-Rezaie

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^3$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Daniel Blanquicett

This paper is dedicated to the study of the interaction between dynamical systems and percolation models, with views towards the study of viral infections whose virus mutate with time. Recall that r-bootstrap percolation describes a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-08 Yuyuan Luo , Laura P. Schaposnik

The $r$-bond bootstrap percolation process on a graph $G$ begins with a set $S$ of infected edges of $G$ (all other edges are healthy). At each step, a healthy edge becomes infected if at least one of its endpoints is incident with at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Natasha Morrison , Shannon Ogden

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^3$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-28 Daniel Blanquicett

In 2-neighborhood bootstrap percolation on a graph G, an infection spreads according to the following deterministic rule: infected vertices of G remain infected forever and in consecutive rounds healthy vertices with at least 2 already…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Thiago Braga Marcilon , Rudini Menezes Sampaio

We study a new geometric bootstrap percolation model, line percolation, on the $d$-dimensional integer grid $[n]^d$. In line percolation with infection parameter $r$, infection spreads from a subset $A\subset [n]^d$ of initially infected…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Jonathan Lee , Bhargav Narayanan

Two-dimensional bootstrap percolation is a cellular automaton in which sites become 'infected' by contact with two or more already infected nearest neighbors. We consider these dynamics, which can be interpreted as a monotone version of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-27 Janko Gravner , Alexander E. Holroyd , Robert Morris

In $r$-neighbour bootstrap percolation, vertices (sites) of a graph $G$ are infected, round-by-round, if they have $r$ neighbours already infected. Once infected, they remain infected. An initial set of infected sites is said to percolate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Ivailo Hartarsky

Bootstrap percolation is a well-known activation process in a graph, in which a node becomes active when it has at least $r$ active neighbors. Such process, originally studied on regular structures, has been recently investigated also in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Michele Garetto , Emilio Leonardi , Giovanni Luca Torrisi

Given two independent Poisson point processes $\Phi^{(1)},\Phi^{(2)}$ in $R^d$, the continuum AB percolation model is the graph with points of $\Phi^{(1)}$ as vertices and with edges between any pair of points for which the intersection of…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-20 Srikanth K. Iyer , D. Yogeshwaran

For fixed $r\geq 2$, we consider bootstrap percolation with threshold $r$ on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph ${\cal G}_{n,p}$. We identify a threshold for $p$ above which there is with high probability a set of size $r$ which can infect the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik

A popular question in Bernoulli percolation models is if the probability of connection between two vertices in a transitive graph decays monotonically with the distance between these two vertices. For example, on the square lattice is an…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Alberto M. Campos , Bernardo N. B. de Lima

The Hamming torus of dimension $d$ is the graph with vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}^d$ and an edge between any two vertices that differ in a single coordinate. Bootstrap percolation with threshold $\theta$ starts with a random set of open…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-01-26 Janko Gravner , Christopher Hoffman , James Pfeiffer , David Sivakoff

Graph bootstrap percolation is a simple cellular automaton introduced by Bollob\'as in 1968. Given a graph $H$ and a set $G \subseteq E(K_n)$ we initially "infect" all edges in $G$ and then, in consecutive steps, we infect every $e \in K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Béla Bollobás , Michał Przykucki , Oliver Riordan , Julian Sahasrabudhe

We consider the $d$-neighbor bootstrap percolation process on the $d$-dimensional torus, with vertex set $V=\{1,\cdots,n\}^d$ and edge set $\{xy:\sum_{i=1}^d|x_i-y_i (\text{mod} \; n)|=1\}$. We determine the percolation time up to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Fengxing Zhu

The process of $H$-bootstrap percolation for a graph $H$ is a cellular automaton, where, given a subset of the edges of $K_n$ as initial set, an edge is added at time $t$ if it is the only missing edge in a copy of $H$ in the graph obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-20 Kilian Matzke

Graph bootstrap percolation is a deterministic cellular automaton which was introduced by Bollob\'as in 1968, and is defined as follows. Given a graph $H$, and a set $G \subset E(K_n)$ of initially `infected' edges, we infect, at each time…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-27 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris

Consider an infinite, rooted, connected graph where each vertex is labelled with an independent and identically distributed Uniform(0,1) random variable, plus a parameter $\theta$ times its distance from the root $\rho$. That is, we label…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Diana De Armas Bellon , Matthew I. Roberts