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This paper explores use of multiple large language model (LLM) agents to simulate complex, dynamic characters in dramatic scenarios. We introduce a drama machine framework that coordinates interactions between LLM agents playing different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Liam Magee , Vanicka Arora , Gus Gollings , Norma Lam-Saw

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced the capability of game agents in social deduction games (SDGs). These games rely heavily on conversation-driven interactions and require agents to infer, make decisions, and express based on such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zheng Zhang , Yihuai Lan , Yangsen Chen , Lei Wang , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

LLMs are used predominantly in synchronous communication, where a human user and a model communicate in alternating turns. In contrast, many real-world settings are asynchronous. For example, in group chats, online team meetings, or social…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Niv Eckhaus , Uri Berger , Gabriel Stanovsky

The large language model (LLM) based agents have demonstrated their capacity to automate and expedite software development processes. In this paper, we focus on game development and propose a multi-agent collaborative framework, dubbed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Dake Chen , Haoyang Zhang , Hanbin Wang , Yunhao Huo , Yuzhao Li , Junjie Wang

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) for handling complex language tasks, an increasing number of studies are employing LLMs as agents to emulate the sequential decision-making processes of humans often represented as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Jia Gu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

The growing popularity of social deduction games has created an increasing need for intelligent frameworks where humans can collaborate with AI agents, particularly in post-pandemic contexts with heightened psychological and social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qihui Fan , Wenbo Li , Enfu Nan , Yixiao Chen , Lei Lu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a tabletop roleplaying game with complex natural language interactions between players and hidden state information. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) that have access to state information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Andrew Zhu , Karmanya Aggarwal , Alexander Feng , Lara J. Martin , Chris Callison-Burch

In role-playing games a Game Master (GM) is the player in charge of the game, who must design the challenges the players face and narrate the outcomes of their actions. In this work we discuss some challenges to model GMs from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Santiago Góngora , Luis Chiruzzo , Gonzalo Méndez , Pablo Gervás

Large language model-based (LLM-based) agents have become common in settings that include non-cooperative parties. In such settings, agents' decision-making needs to conceal information from their adversaries, reveal information to their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mustafa O. Karabag , Jan Sobotka , Ufuk Topcu

One major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is the large amount of steps for the RL agent needs to converge in the training process and learn the optimal policy, especially in text-based game environments where the action space is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Wei Zhou , Xiangyu Peng , Mark Riedl

With large language models (LLMs) on the rise, in-game interactions are shifting from rigid commands to natural conversations. However, the impacts of LLMs on player performance and game experience remain underexplored. This work explores…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xin Sun , Lei Wang , Yue Li , Jie Li , Massimo Poesio , Julian Frommel , Koen Hinriks , Jiahuan Pei

The integration of experiment technologies with large language models (LLMs) is transforming scientific research, offering AI capabilities beyond specialized problem-solving to becoming research assistants for human scientists. In power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-21 Mengshuo Jia , Zeyu Cui , Gabriela Hug

A significant application of Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, is their deployment as chat agents, which respond to human inquiries across a variety of domains. While current LLMs proficiently answer general questions, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Lang Cao

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate daily lives, there is a growing demand for real-time interactions that mirror human conversations. Traditional turn-based chat systems driven by LLMs prevent users from verbally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Xu Han , Zihang Xu , Yuanwei Xu , Weilin Zhao , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu

We present an approach for enhancing non-playable characters (NPCs) in games by combining large language models (LLMs) with computer vision to provide contextual awareness of their surroundings. Conventional NPCs typically rely on…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Grega Radež , Ciril Bohak

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional proficiency in natural language processing but often fall short of generating creative and original responses to open-ended questions. To enhance LLM creativity, our key insight is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Li-Chun Lu , Shou-Jen Chen , Tsung-Min Pai , Chan-Hung Yu , Hung-yi Lee , Shao-Hua Sun

This paper investigates the rationality of large language models (LLMs) in strategic decision-making contexts, specifically within the framework of game theory. We evaluate several state-of-the-art LLMs across a spectrum of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wenyue Hua , Ollie Liu , Lingyao Li , Alfonso Amayuelas , Julie Chen , Lucas Jiang , Mingyu Jin , Lizhou Fan , Fei Sun , William Wang , Xintong Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language model (LLM) agents that follow the sequential "reason-then-act" paradigm have achieved superior performance in many complex tasks.However, these methods suffer from limited exploration and incomplete environmental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junshuo Zhang , Chengrui Huang , Feng Guo , Zihan Li , Ke Shi , Menghua Jiang , Jiguo Yu , Shuo Shang , Shen Gao

In the pursuit of efficient automated content creation, procedural generation, leveraging modifiable parameters and rule-based systems, emerges as a promising approach. Nonetheless, it could be a demanding endeavor, given its intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chunyi Sun , Junlin Han , Weijian Deng , Xinlong Wang , Zishan Qin , Stephen Gould

Although LLMs have been widely adopted for creative content generation, a single-pass process often struggles to produce high-quality long narratives. How to effectively revise and improve long narrative scripts like scriptwriters remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Wenda Xie , Chao Guo , Yanqing Jing , Junle Wang , Yisheng Lv , Fei-Yue Wang