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Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being explored for problem-solving tasks. However, their strategic planning capability is often viewed with skepticism. Recent studies have incorporated the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bingzheng Gan , Yufan Zhao , Tianyi Zhang , Jing Huang , Yusu Li , Shu Xian Teo , Changwang Zhang , Wei Shi

The application of games as a therapeutic tool for cognitive training is beneficial for patients with cognitive impairments. However, effective game design for individual patient is resource-intensive. To this end, we propose an LLM-powered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jingwei Shi , Shengyu Tao , Xinxiang Yin , Chen Huang , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Collaboration is an integral part of human dialogue. Typical task-oriented dialogue games assign asymmetric roles to the participants, which limits their ability to elicit naturalistic role-taking in collaboration and its negotiation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Isidora Jeknić , David Schlangen , Alexander Koller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across numerous domains, yet they often struggle with complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. Decision-making games, which inherently require multifaceted reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Haolin Wang , Xueyan Li , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li

We present RPGBench, the first benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) as text-based role-playing game (RPG) engines. RPGBench comprises two core tasks: Game Creation (GC) and Game Simulation (GS). In GC, an LLM must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Pengfei Yu , Dongming Shen , Silin Meng , Jaewon Lee , Weisu Yin , Andrea Yaoyun Cui , Zhenlin Xu , Yi Zhu , Xingjian Shi , Mu Li , Alex Smola

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve many NLP tasks in zero-shot settings, applications involving embodied agents remain problematic. In particular, complex plans that require multi-step reasoning become difficult and too costly as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gautier Dagan , Frank Keller , Alex Lascarides

We present a novel architecture for safely integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into interactive game engines, allowing players to "program" new behaviors using natural language. Our framework mitigates risks by using an LLM to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Austin Drake , Hang Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in language understanding benchmarks. CALM, a popular approach, leverages linguistic priors of LLMs -- GPT-2 -- for action candidate recommendations to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Janarthanan Rajendran , Sarath Chandar

Open-world survival games pose significant challenges for AI algorithms due to their multi-tasking, deep exploration, and goal prioritization requirements. Despite reinforcement learning (RL) being popular for solving games, its high sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yue Wu , Shrimai Prabhumoye , So Yeon Min , Yonatan Bisk , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Amos Azaria , Tom Mitchell , Yuanzhi Li

Recent research has demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can support experts across various domains, including game design. In this study, we examine the utility of medium-sized LLMs, models that operate on consumer-grade hardware…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Julian Geheeb , Farhan Abid Ivan , Daniel Dyrda , Miriam Anschütz , Georg Groh

This paper presents an innovative framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with an external Thinker module to enhance the reasoning capabilities of LLM-based agents. Unlike augmenting LLMs with prompt engineering, Thinker…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shuang Wu , Liwen Zhu , Tao Yang , Shiwei Xu , Qiang Fu , Yang Wei , Haobo Fu

LLM-based Interactive Drama is a novel AI-based dialogue scenario, where the user (i.e. the player) plays the role of a character in the story, has conversations with characters played by LLM agents, and experiences an unfolding story. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hongqiu Wu , Weiqi Wu , Tianyang Xu , Jiameng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Driven by the rapid growth of machine learning, recent advances in game artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted productivity across various gaming genres. Reward design plays a pivotal role in training game AI models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 In-Chang Baek , Tae-Hwa Park , Jin-Ha Noh , Cheong-Mok Bae , Kyung-Joong Kim

This paper introduces a new paradigm for AI game programming, leveraging large language models (LLMs) to extend and operationalize Claude Shannon's taxonomy of game-playing machines. Central to this paradigm is Nemobot, an interactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chee Wei Tan , Yuchen Wang , Shangxin Guo

Interaction between learner and feedback-giver has come into focus recently for post-training of Large Language Models (LLMs), through the use of reward models that judge the appropriateness of a model's response. In this paper, we…

This report documents the development, test, and application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated text analysis, with a specific focus on gambling-like elements in digital games, such as lootboxes. The project aimed not only to…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-13 Thomas Krause , Steffen Otterbach , Johannes Singer

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled realistic user simulators for developing and evaluating recommender systems (RSs). However, existing LLM-based simulators for RSs face two major limitations: (1) static and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hongyang Liu , Zhu Sun , Tianjun Wei , Yan Wang , Jiajie Zhu , Xinghua Qu

Complex games have long been an important benchmark for testing the progress of artificial intelligence algorithms. AlphaGo, AlphaZero, and MuZero have defeated top human players in Go and Chess, garnering widespread societal attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Wei Wang , Fuqing Bie , Junzhe Chen , Dan Zhang , Shiyu Huang , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as autonomous agents across various tasks. One emerging application is the use of LLMs in playing games. In this work, we explore a practical problem for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Chang Xiao , Brenda Z. Yang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster