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The current challenges in technology scaling are pushing the semiconductor industry towards hardware specialization, creating a proliferation of heterogeneous systems-on-chip, delivering orders of magnitude performance and power benefits…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Fares Elsabbagh , Blaise Tine , Priyadarshini Roshan , Ethan Lyons , Euna Kim , Da Eun Shim , Lingjun Zhu , Sung Kyu Lim , Hyesoon kim

We present a low-power, energy efficient 32-bit RISC-V microprocessor unit (MCU) in 22 nm FD-SOI. It achieves ultra-low leakage,even at high temperatures, by using an adaptive reverse body biasing aware sign-off approach, a low-power…

Data-parallel problems demand ever growing floating-point (FP) operations per second under tight area- and energy-efficiency constraints. In this work, we present Manticore, a general-purpose, ultra-efficient chiplet-based architecture for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Luca Benini

The rapid adaptation of data driven AI models, such as deep learning inference, training, Vision Transformers (ViTs), and other HPC applications, drives a strong need for runtime precision configurable different non linear activation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mukul Lokhande , Gopal Raut , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

The growing demand for edge-AI systems requires arithmetic units that balance numerical precision, energy efficiency, and compact hardware while supporting diverse formats. Posit arithmetic offers advantages over floating- and fixed-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sonu Kumar , Lavanya Vinnakota , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma , Adam Teman

Modern microprocessors extend their instruction set architecture (ISA) with Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) operations to improve performance. The Intel Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) enhance the x86 ISA and are widely supported…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Laslo Hunhold

The Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) has evolved into a powerful and flexible processor. The latest graphic processors provide fully programmable vertex and pixel processing units that support vector operations up to single floating-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Guillaume Da Graçca , David Defour

The new open and royalty-free RISC-V ISA is attracting interest across the whole computing continuum, from microcontrollers to supercomputers. High-performance RISC-V processors and accelerators have been announced, but RISC-V-based HPC…

The proliferation of edge devices necessitates efficient computational architectures for lightweight tasks, particularly deep neural network (DNN) inference. Traditional NPUs, though effective for such operations, face challenges in power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Won Hyeok Kim , Hyeong Jin Kim , Tae Hee Han

Endpoint devices for Internet-of-Things not only need to work under extremely tight power envelope of a few milliwatts, but also need to be flexible in their computing capabilities, from a few kOPS to GOPS. Near-threshold(NT) operation can…

Floating-point operations can significantly impact the accuracy and performance of scientific applications on large-scale parallel systems. Recently, an emerging floating-point format called Posit has attracted attention as an alternative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Steven W. D. Chien , Ivy B. Peng , Stefano Markidis

This paper introduces a novel 32-bit microprocessor, based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, is designed,utilising a dynamic clock source to achieve high efficiency, overcoming the limitations of hardware delays. In addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Keyu Chen , Xuyi Hu , Robert Killey

We present Virtual Secure Platform (VSP), the first comprehensive platform that implements a multi-opcode general-purpose sequential processor over Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC). VSP protects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Kotaro Matsuoka , Ryotaro Banno , Naoki Matsumoto , Takashi Sato , Song Bian

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Rapid advancements in RISC-V hardware development shift the focus from low-level optimizations to higher-level parallelization. Recent RISC-V processors, such as the SOPHON SG2042, have 64 cores. RISC-V processors with core counts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Alexander Strack , Christopher Taylor , Dirk Pflüger

Emulating chip functionality before silicon production is crucial, especially with the increasing prevalence of RISC-V-based designs. FPGAs are promising candidates for such purposes due to their high-speed and reconfigurable architecture.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elias Perdomo , Alexander Kropotov , Francelly Cano , Syed Zafar , Teresa Cervero , Xavier Martorell , Behzad Salami

As recently demonstrated, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), usually trained using single precision IEEE 754 floating point numbers (binary32), can also work using lower precision. Therefore, 16-bit and 8-bit compressed format have attracted…

In this work, we present the design and evaluation of a Processor Tracing System compliant with the RISC-V Efficient Trace specification for Instruction Branch Tracing. We integrate our system into the host domain of a state-of-the-art edge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Umberto Laghi , Simone Manoni , Emanuele Parisi , Andrea Bartolini

This paper describes the design of a 1024-core processor chip in 16nm FinFet technology. The chip ("Epiphany-V") contains an array of 1024 64-bit RISC processors, 64MB of on-chip SRAM, three 136-bit wide mesh Networks-On-Chip, and 1024…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Andreas Olofsson

With the rapid development of scientific computation, more and more researchers and developers are committed to implementing various workloads/operations on different devices. Among all these devices, NVIDIA GPU is the most popular choice…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Ruobing Han , Blaise Tine , Jaewon Lee , Jaewoong Sim , Hyesoon Kim