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Security Assurance Cases (SAC) are structured bodies of arguments and evidence used to reason about security properties of a certain artefact. SAC are gaining focus in the automotive domain as the need for security assurance is growing due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Mazen Mohamad

The scope of automotive functions has grown from a single-vehicle as an entity to multiple vehicles working together as an entity, referred to as cooperative driving. The current automotive safety standard, ISO 26262, is designed for single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sangeeth Kochanthara , Niels Rood , Arash Khabbaz Saberi , Loek Cleophas , Yanja Dajsuren , Mark van den Brand

The rapid advancement of Internet-connected vehicle technologies has introduced a new era of smart mobility, while simultaneously raising significant cybersecurity and privacy concerns. This paper explores the evolving threat landscape…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Henrietta Hegyi , Laszlo Erdodi

The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in…

The interest in autonomous vehicles (AVs) for critical missions, including transportation, rescue, surveillance, reconnaissance, and mapping, is growing rapidly due to their significant safety and mobility benefits. AVs consist of complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Md Wasiul Haque , Md Erfan , Sagar Dasgupta , Md Rayhanur Rahman , Mizanur Rahman

Self-adaptive systems are able to change their behaviour at run-time in response to changes. Self-adaptation is an important strategy for managing uncertainty that is present during the design of modern systems, such as autonomous vehicles.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-04 Simon Diemert , Jens H. Weber

Information security risk assessment methods have served us well over the past two decades. They have provided a tool for organizations and governments to use in protecting themselves against pertinent risks. As the complexity,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Jason R. C. Nurse , Sadie Creese , David De Roure

Autonomous vehicles rely on machine learning to solve challenging tasks in perception and motion planning. However, automotive software safety standards have not fully evolved to address the challenges of machine learning safety such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Sina Mohseni , Mandar Pitale , Vasu Singh , Zhangyang Wang

Some recent incidents have shown that possibly the vulnerability of IT systems in railway automation has been underestimated. Fortunately, so far, almost only denial-of-service attacks were successful, but due to several trends, such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Jens Braband

The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tabea Henning , Thies de Graaff , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde

The advent of autonomous driving technology has accentuated the need for comprehensive hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) to ensure the safety and reliability of vehicular systems. Traditional HARA processes, while meticulous, are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Alireza Abbaspour , Aliasghar Arab , Yashar Mousavi

Scenario-based approaches have been receiving a huge amount of attention in research and engineering of automated driving systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the driving environment, and the complexity of the driving task…

Run Time Assurance (RTA) systems are online safety verification techniques that filter the output of a primary controller to assure safety. RTA approaches are used in safety-critical control to intervene when a performance-driven primary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Kyle Dunlap , Michael Hibbard , Mark Mote , Kerianne Hobbs

The introduction sets the stage for exploring collaborative approaches to bolstering smart vehicle cybersecurity through AI-driven threat detection. As the automotive industry increasingly adopts connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Syed Atif Ali , Salwa Din

Evolving cybersecurity threats in complex cyber-physical systems pose significant risks to system functionality and safety. This experience report introduces ACTISM (Automotive Consequence-Driven and Threat-Informed Security Modelling), an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shaofei Huang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Lwin Khin Shar

DevOps is a necessity in many industries, including the development of Autonomous Vehicles. In those settings, there are iterative activities that reduce the speed of SafetyOps cycles. One of these activities is "Hazard Analysis & Risk…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Fredrik Törner , Hȧkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

Recent developments have made autonomous vehicles (AVs) closer to hitting our roads. However, their security is still a major concern among drivers as well as manufacturers. Although some work has been done to identify threats and possible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Ali Behfarnia , Ali Eslami

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) presents an opportunity to save and improve lives. However, achieving SAE Level 5 (full) autonomy will require overcoming many technical challenges. There is a gap in the literature regarding the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Eduardo Candela , Yuxiang Feng , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Yiannis Demiris

Highly automated, cooperative driving vehicles will allow for a more fluid flow of traffic, resulting in more efficient, eco-friendly and safe traffic situations. The automotive industry however, is safety critical and current safety…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-05 Joakim Oscarsson , Max Stolz-Sundnes , Naveen Mohan , Viacheslav Izosimov

Oil and gas drilling is based, increasingly, on operational technology, whose cybersecurity is complicated by several challenges. We propose a graphical model for cybersecurity risk assessment based on Adversarial Risk Analysis to face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Aitor Couce Vieira , Siv Hilde Houmb , David Rios Insua