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The CFR framework has been a powerful tool for solving large-scale extensive-form games in practice. However, the theoretical rate at which past CFR-based algorithms converge to the Nash equilibrium is on the order of $O(T^{-1/2})$, where…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

We study online learning in two-player uninformed Markov games, where the opponent's actions and policies are unobserved. In this setting, Tian et al. (2021) show that achieving no-external-regret is impossible without incurring an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junyan Liu , Haipeng Luo , Zihan Zhang , Lillian J. Ratliff

In recent years, empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing games in which an exact specification of the utilities is unavailable. Instead, EGTA assumes access to an oracle, i.e., a simulator,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bhaskar Mishra , Cyrus Cousins , Amy Greenwald

A recent line of work has established uncoupled learning dynamics such that, when employed by all players in a game, each player's \emph{regret} after $T$ repetitions grows polylogarithmically in $T$, an exponential improvement over the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gabriele Farina , Ioannis Anagnostides , Haipeng Luo , Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

We consider learning Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum Markov Games with nonlinear function approximation, where the action-value function is approximated by a function in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). The key challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Chris Junchi Li , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu , Michael I. Jordan

We introduce, to our knowledge, the first direct second-order method for computing Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. To do so, we construct a Douglas-Rachford-style splitting formulation, which we then solve with a semi-smooth…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 David Yang , Yuan Gao , Tianyi Lin , Christian Kroer

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is a family of algorithms for effectively solving imperfect-information games. It decomposes the total regret into counterfactual regrets, utilizing local regret minimization algorithms, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Hang Xu , Kai Li , Bingyun Liu , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Junliang Xing , Jian Cheng

A regret minimizing set Q is a small size representation of a much larger database P so that user queries executed on Q return answers whose scores are not much worse than those on the full dataset. In particular, a k-regret minimizing set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Pankaj K. Agarwal , Nirman Kumar , Stavros Sintos , Subhash Suri

The behavior of no-regret learning algorithms is well understood in two-player min-max (i.e, zero-sum) games. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of no-regret learning in min-max games with dependent strategy sets, where the strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Denizalp Goktas , Jiayi Zhao , Amy Greenwald

This paper considers online convex optimization over a complicated constraint set, which typically consists of multiple functional constraints and a set constraint. The conventional online projection algorithm (Zinkevich, 2003) can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Hao Yu , Michael J. Neely

This paper presents a new framework for analyzing and designing no-regret algorithms for dynamic (possibly adversarial) systems. The proposed framework generalizes the popular online convex optimization framework and extends it to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Ian Gemp , Sridhar Mahadevan

We propose and study an online version of min-max optimization based on cumulative saddle points under a variety of performance measures beyond convex-concave settings. After first observing the incompatibility of (static) Nash equilibrium…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Abhijeet Vyas , Brian Bullins

We introduce an online learning algorithm in the bandit feedback model that, once adopted by all agents of a congestion game, results in game-dynamics that converge to an $\epsilon$-approximate Nash Equilibrium in a polynomial number of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Leello Dadi , Ioannis Panageas , Stratis Skoulakis , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher

Designing efficient algorithms to compute Nash equilibria poses considerable challenges in Algorithmic Game Theory and Optimization. In this work, we employ integer programming techniques to compute Nash equilibria in Integer Programming…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Gabriele Dragotto , Rosario Scatamacchia

We study the problem of minimizing swap regret in structured normal-form games. Players have a very large (potentially infinite) number of pure actions, but each action has an embedding into $d$-dimensional space and payoffs are given by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Maxwell Fishelson , Robert Kleinberg , Princewill Okoroafor , Renato Paes Leme , Jon Schneider , Yifeng Teng

Agnostic online learning is classically solved via a reduction to the realizable setting, utilizing Littlestone's Standard Optimal Algorithm (SOA) as a base learner. However, the SOA is computationally intractable to execute even for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Idan Attias , Steve Hanneke , Arvind Ramaswami

The literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding predominantly focuses on single games or their repeated play. Nevertheless, numerous real-world scenarios feature playing a game sampled from a distribution of similar, but not identical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-21 David Sychrovský , Michal Šustr , Elnaz Davoodi , Michael Bowling , Marc Lanctot , Martin Schmid

In this paper, we consider Riemannian online convex optimization with dynamic regret. First, we propose two novel algorithms, namely the Riemannian Online Optimistic Gradient Descent (R-OOGD) and the Riemannian Adaptive Online Optimistic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Xi Wang , Deming Yuan , Yiguang Hong , Zihao Hu , Lei Wang , Guodong Shi

This paper resolves the open question of designing near-optimal algorithms for learning imperfect-information extensive-form games from bandit feedback. We present the first line of algorithms that require only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yu Bai , Chi Jin , Song Mei , Tiancheng Yu

In this paper, we study distributionally robust offline reinforcement learning (robust offline RL), which seeks to find an optimal policy purely from an offline dataset that can perform well in perturbed environments. In specific, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Jose Blanchet , Miao Lu , Tong Zhang , Han Zhong
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