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Mean field games are concerned with the limit of large-population stochastic differential games where the agents interact through their empirical distribution. In the classical setting, the number of players is large but fixed throughout…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Julien Claisse , Zhenjie Ren , Xiaolu Tan

Coordination is one of the essential problems in multi-agent systems. Typically multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods treat agents equally and the goal is to solve the Markov game to an arbitrary Nash equilibrium (NE) when…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Haifeng Zhang , Weizhe Chen , Zeren Huang , Minne Li , Yaodong Yang , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

In this paper, we present a model of a game among teams. Each team consists of a homogeneous population of agents. Agents within a team are cooperative while the teams compete with other teams. The dynamics and the costs are coupled through…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Jayakumar Subramanian , Akshat Kumar , Aditya Mahajan

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

We present a Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm to solve infinite horizon asymptotic Mean Field Game (MFG) and Mean Field Control (MFC) problems. Our approach can be described as a unified two-timescale Mean Field Q-learning: The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Andrea Angiuli , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Laurière

Mean Field Control Games (MFCGs) provide a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing systems of infinitely many interacting agents, blending elements from Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Mean Field Control (MFC). However, solving the coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nianli Peng , Yilin Wang

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism facilitates otherwise intractable computation of approximate Nash equilibria in many-agent settings. In this paper, we consider discrete-time finite MFGs subject to finite-horizon objectives. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

This paper studies the connection between a class of mean-field games and a social welfare optimization problem. We consider a mean-field game in function spaces with a large population of agents, and each agent seeks to minimize an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-15 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Lin Zhao

Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems, which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested within the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Anton Frantsev , Kalyanmoy Deb

The paper is concerned with the study of a control system consisting of one major agent and many identical minor agents in the limit case when the number of agents tends to infinity. To study the limiting system we use the mean field…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Yurii Averboukh

We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm for stationary mean-field games, where the goal is to learn a pair of mean-field state and stationary policy that constitutes the Nash equilibrium. When viewing the mean-field state and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Qiaomin Xie , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Andreea Minca

Mean Field Games (MFG) are the class of games with a very large number of agents and the standard equilibrium concept is a Mean Field Equilibrium (MFE). Algorithms for learning MFE in dynamic MFGs are unknown in general. Our focus is on an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Kiyeob Lee , Desik Rengarajan , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

This paper investigates open-loop and feedback solutions of linear quadratic mean field (MF) games with a leader and a large number of followers. The leader first gives its strategy and then all the followers cooperate to optimize the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Bing-Chang Wang , Juanjuan Xu , Huanshui Zhang , Yong Liang

This paper is concerned with a linear-quadratic (LQ) Stackelberg mean field games of backward-forward stochastic systems, involving a backward leader and a substantial number of forward followers. The leader initiates by providing its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Wenyu Cong , Jingtao Shi

In this work, we consider a novel inverse problem in mean-field games (MFG). We aim to recover the MFG model parameters that govern the underlying interactions among the population based on a limited set of noisy partial observations of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Yat Tin Chow , Samy Wu Fung , Siting Liu , Levon Nurbekyan , Stanley Osher

Multi-agent reinforcement learning, despite its popularity and empirical success, faces significant scalability challenges in large-population dynamic games. Graphon mean field games (GMFGs) offer a principled framework for approximating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Philipp Plank , Yufei Zhang

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time Stackelberg mean field game with a finite number of leaders, a finite number of major followers and an infinite number of minor followers. The leaders and the followers each observe types privately…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal

The mean field games (MFG) paradigm was introduced to provide tractable approximations of games involving very large populations. The theory typically rests on two key assumptions: homogeneity, meaning that all players share the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Mathieu Laurière

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) has recently gained immense interest due to its potential for sample efficiency and ability to incorporate off-policy data. However, designing stable and efficient MBRL algorithms using rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Aravind Rajeswaran , Igor Mordatch , Vikash Kumar