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The majority of automatic metrics for evaluating NLG systems are reference-based. However, the challenge of collecting human annotation results in a lack of reliable references in numerous application scenarios. Despite recent advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Increasing interpreting needs a more objective and automatic measurement. We hold a basic idea that 'translating means translating meaning' in that we can assessment interpretation quality by comparing the meaning of the interpreting output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Xiaojun Zhang

The performances of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are usually evaluated by the metric word error rate (WER) when the manually transcribed data are provided, which are, however, expensively available in the real scenario. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Kai Fan , Jiayi Wang , Bo Li , Shiliang Zhang , Boxing Chen , Niyu Ge , Zhijie Yan

Starting from the 1950s, Machine Translation (MT) was challenged by different scientific solutions, which included rule-based methods, example-based and statistical models (SMT), to hybrid models, and very recent years the neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Lifeng Han , Serge Gladkoff

Alignment with human preferences is an important step in developing accurate and safe large language models. This is no exception in machine translation (MT), where better handling of language nuances and context-specific variations leads…

Although neural-based machine translation evaluation metrics, such as COMET or BLEURT, have achieved strong correlations with human judgements, they are sometimes unreliable in detecting certain phenomena that can be considered as critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Taisiya Glushkova , Chrysoula Zerva , André F. T. Martins

Machine-translated benchmarks are widely used to assess the multilingual capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet translation errors in these benchmarks remain underexplored, raising concerns about the reliability and comparability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Michael Färber , Jens Lehmann

Is it possible to build a general and automatic natural language generation (NLG) evaluation metric? Existing learned metrics either perform unsatisfactorily or are restricted to tasks where large human rating data is already available. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wenda Xu , Yilin Tuan , Yujie Lu , Michael Saxon , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

This paper outlines a theoretical framework using which different automatic metrics can be designed for evaluation of Machine Translation systems. It introduces the concept of {\em cognitive ease} which depends on {\em adequacy} and {\em…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Rajeev Sangal

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for various natural language processing tasks has led to superlative claims about their performance. For the evaluation of machine translation (MT), existing research shows that LLMs are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shenbin Qian , Archchana Sindhujan , Minnie Kabra , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain

Pretraining-based (PT-based) automatic evaluation metrics (e.g., BERTScore and BARTScore) have been widely used in several sentence generation tasks (e.g., machine translation and text summarization) due to their better correlation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Peiyuan Gong , Xuebo Liu , Heyan Huang , Min Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) pre-trained on massive amounts of unpaired language data have reached the state-of-the-art in machine translation (MT) of general domain texts, post-editing (PE) is still required to correct errors and to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nathaniel Berger , Stefan Riezler , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck

Traditional automatic evaluation metrics for machine translation have been widely criticized by linguists due to their low accuracy, lack of transparency, focus on language mechanics rather than semantics, and low agreement with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han

As research on machine translation moves to translating text beyond the sentence level, it remains unclear how effective automatic evaluation metrics are at scoring longer translations. In this work, we first propose a method for creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Daniel Deutsch , Juraj Juraska , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) is a critical tool driving the rapid iterative development of MT systems. While considerable progress has been made on estimating a single scalar quality score, current metrics lack the…

Is it possible to train a general metric for evaluating text generation quality without human annotated ratings? Existing learned metrics either perform unsatisfactorily across text generation tasks or require human ratings for training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Wenda Xu , Xian Qian , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Guillaume Lample , Myle Ott , Alexis Conneau , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Automatically evaluating the quality of dialogue responses for unstructured domains is a challenging problem. Unfortunately, existing automatic evaluation metrics are biased and correlate very poorly with human judgements of response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Ryan Lowe , Michael Noseworthy , Iulian V. Serban , Nicolas Angelard-Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Joelle Pineau

Automatic evaluation metrics are essential for building multilingual translation systems. The common practice of evaluating these systems is averaging metric scores across languages, yet this is suspicious since metrics may suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingxuan Liu , Zhi Qu , Jin Tei , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Lemao Liu , Taro Watanabe

In Machine Translation, assessing the quality of a large amount of automatic translations can be challenging. Automatic metrics are not reliable when it comes to high performing systems. In addition, resorting to human evaluators can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Vânia Mendonça , Ricardo Rei , Luisa Coheur , Alberto Sardinha , Ana Lúcia Santos