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We consider differentiable games where the goal is to find a Nash equilibrium. The machine learning community has recently started using variants of the gradient method (GD). Prime examples are extragradient (EG), the optimistic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Waïss Azizian , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Gauthier Gidel

We generalize gradient descent with momentum for optimization in differentiable games to have complex-valued momentum. We give theoretical motivation for our method by proving convergence on bilinear zero-sum games for simultaneous and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Jonathan Lorraine , David Acuna , Paul Vicol , David Duvenaud

We use matrix iteration theory to characterize acceleration in smooth games. We define the spectral shape of a family of games as the set containing all eigenvalues of the Jacobians of standard gradient dynamics in the family. Shapes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Waïss Azizian , Damien Scieur , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Gauthier Gidel

Min-max formulations have attracted great attention in the ML community due to the rise of deep generative models and adversarial methods, while understanding the dynamics of gradient algorithms for solving such formulations has remained a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Guojun Zhang , Yaoliang Yu

Smooth game optimization has recently attracted great interest in machine learning as it generalizes the single-objective optimization paradigm. However, game dynamics is more complex due to the interaction between different players and is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Guodong Zhang , Yuanhao Wang

Games generalize the single-objective optimization paradigm by introducing different objective functions for different players. Differentiable games often proceed by simultaneous or alternating gradient updates. In machine learning, games…

Data-driven modeling increasingly requires to find a Nash equilibrium in multi-player games, e.g. when training GANs. In this paper, we analyse a new extra-gradient method for Nash equilibrium finding, that performs gradient extrapolations…

In this work, we consider smooth unconstrained optimization problems and we deal with the class of gradient methods with momentum, i.e., descent algorithms where the search direction is defined as a linear combination of the current…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Matteo Lapucci , Giampaolo Liuzzi , Stefano Lucidi , Davide Pucci , Marco Sciandrone

Learning in multi-player games can model a large variety of practical scenarios, where each player seeks to optimize its own local objective function, which at the same time relies on the actions taken by others. Motivated by the frequent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Yuanhanqing Huang , Jianghai Hu

In this work, we establish a frequency-domain framework for analyzing gradient-based algorithms in linear minimax optimization problems; specifically, our approach is based on the Z-transform, a powerful tool applied in Control Theory and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

Owing to their stability and convergence speed, extragradient methods have become a staple for solving large-scale saddle-point problems in machine learning. The basic premise of these algorithms is the use of an extrapolation step before…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-06 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Franck Iutzeler , Jérôme Malick , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Last-iterate behaviors of learning algorithms in repeated two-player zero-sum games have been extensively studied due to their wide applications in machine learning and related tasks. Typical algorithms that exhibit the last-iterate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yi Feng , Ping Li , Ioannis Panageas , Xiao Wang

Last-iterate convergence has received extensive study in two player zero-sum games starting from bilinear, convex-concave up to settings that satisfy the MVI condition. Typical methods that exhibit last-iterate convergence for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Yi Feng , Hu Fu , Qun Hu , Ping Li , Ioannis Panageas , Bo Peng , Xiao Wang

In this paper we present a numerical scheme to solve coupled mean field forward-backward stochastic differential equations driven by monotone vector fields. This is based on an adaptation of so called extragradient methods by characterizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Charles Meynard

Under mild regularity conditions, gradient-based methods converge globally to a critical point in the single-loss setting. This is known to break down for vanilla gradient descent when moving to multi-loss optimization, but can we hope to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Alistair Letcher

We consider several classes of highly important semidefinite optimization problems that involve both a convex objective function (smooth or nonsmooth) and additional linear or nonlinear smooth and convex constraints, which are ubiquitous in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Dan Garber , Atara Kaplan

Advances in generative modeling and adversarial learning have given rise to renewed interest in smooth games. However, the absence of symmetry in the matrix of second derivatives poses challenges that are not present in the classical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-06 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Fabian Pedregosa , Damien Scieur

This paper presents a novel accelerated distributed algorithm for unconstrained consensus optimization over static undirected networks. The proposed algorithm combines the benefits of acceleration from momentum, the robustness of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Eduardo Sebastián , Mauro Franceschelli , Andrea Gasparri , Eduardo Montijano , Carlos Sagüés

The study of convex optimization has historically been concerned with worst-case convergence rates. The development of the Optimized Gradient Method (OGM), due to \citet{drori2012PerformanceOF,Kim2016optimal}, marked a major milestone in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Benjamin Grimmer , Kevin Shu , Alex L. Wang

In this paper, we introduce a bilevel optimization framework for addressing inverse mean-field games, alongside an exploration of numerical methods tailored for this bilevel problem. The primary benefit of our bilevel formulation lies in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-13 Jiajia Yu , Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen , Rongjie Lai
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