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In this paper, we address the resource provisioning problem for service function chaining (SFC) in terms of the placement and chaining of virtual network functions (VNFs) within a multi-access edge computing (MEC) infrastructure to reduce…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Amine Abouaomar , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Zoubeir Mlika , Abdellatif Kobbane

Reinforcement learning for multi-agent games has attracted lots of attention recently. However, given the challenge of solving Nash equilibria for large population games, existing works with guaranteed polynomial complexities either focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning makes optimal decisions dependent on system states observed by agents, but any uncertainty on the observations may mislead agents to take wrong actions. The Mean-Field Actor-Critic reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ziyuan Zhou , Guanjun Liu

The mean-field framework has been used to find approximate solutions to problems involving very large populations of symmetric, anonymous agents, which may be intractable by other methods. The cooperative mean-field control (MFC) problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

This paper introduces a new approach for approximating the learning dynamics of multiple reinforcement learning (RL) agents interacting in a finite-state Markov game. The idea is to rescale the learning process by simultaneously reducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-27 Yann Kerzreho

In this paper, we study the fundamental statistical efficiency of Reinforcement Learning in Mean-Field Control (MFC) and Mean-Field Game (MFG) with general model-based function approximation. We introduce a new concept called Mean-Field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Huang , Batuhan Yardim , Niao He

We study the sample complexity of reinforcement learning (RL) in Mean-Field Games (MFGs) with model-based function approximation that requires strategic exploration to find a Nash Equilibrium policy. We introduce the Partial Model-Based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiawei Huang , Niao He , Andreas Krause

Multitask Representation Learning (MRL) has emerged as a prevalent technique to improve sample efficiency in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Empirical studies have found that training agents on multiple tasks simultaneously within online and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rui Lu , Yang Yue , Andrew Zhao , Simon Du , Gao Huang

Macroeconomic outcomes emerge from individuals' decisions, making it essential to model how agents interact with macro policy via consumption, investment, and labor choices. We formulate this as a dynamic Stackelberg game: the government…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-03 Qirui Mi , Zhiyu Zhao , Chengdong Ma , Siyu Xia , Yan Song , Mengyue Yang , Jun Wang , Haifeng Zhang

To overcome the sim-to-real gap in reinforcement learning (RL), learned policies must maintain robustness against environmental uncertainties. While robust RL has been widely studied in single-agent regimes, in multi-agent environments, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Laixi Shi , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman

This paper considers offline multi-agent reinforcement learning. We propose the strategy-wise concentration principle which directly builds a confidence interval for the joint strategy, in contrast to the point-wise concentration principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du

Independent learners are agents that employ single-agent algorithms in multi-agent systems, intentionally ignoring the effect of other strategic agents. This paper studies mean-field games from a decentralized learning perspective, with two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Bora Yongacoglu , Gürdal Arslan , Serdar Yüksel

We design and analyze reinforcement learning algorithms for Graphon Mean-Field Games (GMFGs). In contrast to previous works that require the precise values of the graphons, we aim to learn the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the regularized GMFGs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Fengzhuo Zhang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

In recent years, reinforcement learning and its multi-agent analogue have achieved great success in solving various complex control problems. However, multi-agent reinforcement learning remains challenging both in its theoretical analysis…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Kai Cui , Mengguang Li , Christian Fabian , Heinz Koeppl

Mean-field reinforcement learning has become a popular theoretical framework for efficiently approximating large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems exhibiting symmetry. However, questions remain regarding the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Batuhan Yardim , Artur Goldman , Niao He

Mean field equilibrium (MFE) has emerged as a computationally tractable solution concept for large dynamic games. However, computing MFE remains challenging due to nonlinearities and the absence of contraction properties, limiting its…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-23 Bar Light

The standard solution concept for stochastic games is Markov perfect equilibrium (MPE); however, its computation becomes intractable as the number of players increases. Instead, we consider mean field equilibrium (MFE) that has been…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-06-05 Bar Light , Gabriel Weintraub

Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

Reinforcement learning algorithms for mean-field games offer a scalable framework for optimizing policies in large populations of interacting agents. Existing methods often depend on online interactions or access to system dynamics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Axel Brunnbauer , Julian Lemmel , Zahra Babaiee , Sophie Neubauer , Radu Grosu

We consider a dynamic traffic routing game over an urban road network involving a large number of drivers in which each driver selecting a particular route is subject to a penalty that is affine in the logarithm of the number of drivers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Takashi Tanaka , Ehsan Nekouei , Ali Reza Pedram , Karl Henrik Johansson