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Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) is well-suited to accelerate neural network (NN) workloads as RRAM-based Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures natively support highly-parallel multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations that form the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Aditya Manglik , Minesh Patel , Haiyu Mao , Behzad Salami , Jisung Park , Lois Orosa , Onur Mutlu

Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) based in-memory computing (IMC) accelerators offer significant performance and energy advantages for deep neural networks (DNNs), but face three major limitations: (1) they support only \textit{static}…

The rapid development of multi-core system and increase of data-intensive application in recent years call for larger main memory. Traditional DRAM memory can increase its capacity by reducing the feature size of storage cell. Now further…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Shenchen Ruan , Haixia Wang , Dongsheng Wang

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) provides an excellent platform for analog matrix computing (AMC), enabling both matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) and the solution of matrix equations through open-loop and closed-loop circuit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Pushen Zuo , Zhong Sun

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved excellent performance on various tasks, but deploying CNN to edge is constrained by the high energy consumption of convolution operation. Stochastic computing (SC) is an attractive paradigm…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-04 Xinyue Zhang , Jiahao Song , Yuan Wang , Yawen Zhang , Zuodong Zhang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

The increasing application of deep learning technology drives the need for an efficient parallel computing architecture for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A significant challenge faced when designing a many-core CNN accelerator is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Binayak Tiwari , Mei Yang , Xiaohang Wang , Yingtao Jiang , Venkatesan Muthukumar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained significant interest for applications such as citation network analysis and drug discovery due to their ability to apply machine learning techniques on graph-structured data. GNNs typically employ a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Lizy John , Jaydeep P. Kulkarni

A practical deep neural network's (DNN) evaluation involves thousands of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. To extend DNN's superior inference capabilities to energy constrained devices, architectures and circuits that minimize…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Aditya Shukla

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown superior performance in a variety of tasks. As they rapidly evolve, their escalating computation and memory demands make it challenging to deploy them on resource-constrained edge devices. Though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jiaqi Gu , Hanqing Zhu , Chenghao Feng , Mingjie Liu , Zixuan Jiang , Ray T. Chen , David Z. Pan

Recent deep learning workloads increasingly push computational demand beyond what current memory systems can sustain, with many kernels stalling on data movement rather than computation. While modern dataflow accelerators incorporate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Shihan Fang , Hongzheng Chen , Niansong Zhang , Jiajie Li , Han Meng , Adrian Liu , Zhiru Zhang

Traditional computers with von Neumann architecture are unable to meet the latency and scalability challenges of Deep Neural Network (DNN) workloads. Various DNN accelerators based on Conventional compute Hardware Accelerator (CHA),…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Tom Glint , Chandan Kumar Jha , Manu Awasthi , Joycee Mekie

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

SRAM-based compute-in-memory (CIM) offers high computational density and energy efficiency for deep neural network (DNN) accelerators, but its limited capacity causes on/off-chip data movement overhead for large DNN models. Existing CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenhao Xue , Yukun Wang , An Guo , Yuhui Shi , Jinwei Zhou , Xiping Dong , Yihan Yin , Yuanpeng Zhang , Tianyu Jia , Wei Gao , Qiang Wu , Xin Si , Jun Yang , Guangyu Sun

The research interest in specialized hardware accelerators for deep neural networks (DNN) spikes recently owing to their superior performance and efficiency. However, today's DNN accelerators primarily focus on accelerating specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Cong Guo , Yangjie Zhou , Jingwen Leng , Yuhao Zhu , Zidong Du , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Bin Yao , Minyi Guo

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

In this paper, we propose a high-precision SRAM-based CIM macro that can perform 4x4-bit MAC operations and yield 9-bit signed output. The inherent discharge branches of SRAM cells are utilized to apply time-modulated MAC and 9-bit ADC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Xiaomeng Wang , Fengshi Tian , Xizi Chen , Jiakun Zheng , Xuejiao Liu , Fengbin Tu , Jie Yang , Mohamad Sawan , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Chi-Ying Tsui

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are one of the most successful deep machine learning technologies for processing image, voice and video data. CNNs require large amounts of processing capacity and memory, which can exceed the resources…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-17 James Garland , David Gregg

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

This paper presents an in-memory computing (IMC) architecture developed on an 8x8 array of 8T SRAM cells. This architecture enables both multi-bit parallel Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations and standard memory processing through…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Amogh K M , Sunita M S