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By a $z$-coloring of a graph $G$ we mean any proper vertex coloring consisting of the color classes $C_1, \ldots, C_k$ such that $(i)$ for any two colors $i$ and $j$ with $1 \leq i < j \leq k$, any vertex of color $j$ is adjacent to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Abbas Khaleghi , Manouchehr Zaker

Ohba has conjectured \cite{ohb} that if the graph $G$ has $2\chi(G)+1$ or fewer vertices then the list chromatic number and chromatic number of $G$ are equal. In this paper we prove that this conjecture is asymptotically correct. More…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bruce Reed , Benny Sudakov

In this paper we consider a variation of a recoloring problem, called the Color-Fixing. Let us have some non-proper $r$-coloring $\varphi$ of a graph $G$. We investigate the problem of finding a proper $r$-coloring of $G$, which is "the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Valentin Garnero , Konstanty Junosza-Szaniawski , Mathieu Liedloff , Pedro Montealegre , Paweł Rzążewski

We study relations between three interrelated notions of graph (list) coloring: single conflict coloring, adapted list coloring and choosability with separation (with $1$ overlapping color between lists of adjacent vertices), and their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Carl Johan Casselgren , Kalle Eriksson

For a number $\ell\geq 2$, let $\mathcal{G}_{\ell}$ denote the family of graphs which have girth $2\ell+1$ and have no odd hole with length greater than $2\ell+1$. Plummer and Zha conjectured that every 3-connected and internally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Rong Chen

A mixed graph has a set of vertices, a set of undirected egdes, and a set of directed arcs. A proper coloring of a mixed graph $G$ is a function $c$ that assigns to each vertex in $G$ a positive integer such that, for each edge $uv$ in $G$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Grzegorz Gutowski , Florian Mittelstädt , Ignaz Rutter , Joachim Spoerhase , Alexander Wolff , Johannes Zink

An equitable coloring of a graph is a proper coloring where the sizes of any two distinct color classes differ by at most one. The celebrated Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture (CLWC for short) states that every connected graph $G$ that is neither an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Weichan Liu , Xin Zhang

An incidence of a graph $G$ is a vertex-edge pair $(v,e)$ such that $v$ is incidence with $e$. A conflict-free incidence coloring of a graph is a coloring of the incidences in such a way that two incidences $(u,e)$ and $(v,f)$ get distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Mengke Qi , Xin Zhang

We say that a graph $G$ has an {\em odd $K_4$-subdivision} if some subgraph of $G$ is isomorphic to a $K_4$-subdivision and whose faces are all odd holes of $G$. For a number $\ell\geq 2$, let $\mathcal{G}_{\ell}$ denote the family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Rong Chen , Yidong Zhou

An \emph{equitable coloring} of a graph is a proper vertex coloring such that the sizes of every two color classes differ by at most 1. Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that every connected graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta \geq 2$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-05 Keaitsuda Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

Square coloring is a variant of graph coloring where vertices within distance two must receive different colors. When considering planar graphs, the most famous conjecture (Wegner, 1977) states that $\frac32\Delta+1$ colors are sufficient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Nicolas Bousquet , Quentin Deschamps , Lucas de Meyer , Théo Pierron

The {\em packing chromatic number} $\chi_{\rho}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $k$ for which there exists a mapping $f$ from $V(G)$ to $\{1,2,\ldots ,k\}$ such that any two vertices of color $i$ are at distance at least $i+1$. This…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Olivier Togni

A packing $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into sets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ such that for each $1\leq i\leq k$ the distance between any two distinct $x,y\in V_i$ is at least $i+1$. The packing chromatic number, $\chi_p(G)$, of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-31 József Balogh , Alexandr Kostochka , Xujun Liu

Graph colorings is a fundamental topic in graph theory that require an assignment of labels (or colors) to vertices or edges subject to various constraints. We focus on the harmonious coloring of a graph, which is a proper vertex coloring…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Ruxandra Marinescu-Ghemeci , Camelia Obreja , Alexandru Popa

The weak degeneracy of a graph $G$ is a numerical parameter that was recently introduced by the first two authors with the aim of understanding the power of greedy algorithms for graph coloring. Every $d$-degenerate graph is weakly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Anton Bernshteyn , Eugene Lee , Evelyne Smith-Roberge

An injective colouring of a graph is a colouring in which every two vertices sharing a common neighbour receive a different colour. Chen, Hahn, Raspaud and Wang conjectured that every planar graph of maximum degree $\Delta \ge 3$ admits an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Matias Daneels , Jan Goedgebeur , Jarne Renders

For integers $k>0$ and $0<r \leq \Delta$ (where $r \leq k$), a conditional $(k,r)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ such that every vertex $v$ of degree $d(v)$ in $G$ is adjacent to vertices with at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-01-31 P. V. Subba Reddy , K. V. Iyer

Let ${\rm col_g}(G)$ be the game coloring number of a given graph $G.$ Define the game coloring number of a family of graphs $\mathcal{H}$ as ${\rm col_g}(\mathcal{H}) := \max\{{\rm col_g}(G):G \in \mathcal{H}\}.$ Let $\mathcal{P}_k$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Keaitsuda Maneeruk Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

An interval colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a proper colouring $c\colon E\to \mathbb{Z}$ such that the set of colours of edges incident to any given vertex forms an interval of $\mathbb{Z}$. The interval thickness $\theta(G)$ of a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Lawrence Hollom , Julien Portier , Leo Versteegen

For a graph $G$ and an integer $k\geq 2$, a $\chi'_{k}$-coloring of $G$ is an edge coloring of $G$ such that the subgraph induced by the edges of each color has all degrees congruent to $1 ~ (\mod k)$, and $\chi'_{k}(G)$ is the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-13 Oothan Nweit , Daqing Yang
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