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A \emph{star coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex-coloring such that no path on four vertices is $2$-colored. The minimum number of colors required to obtain a star coloring of a graph $G$ is called star chromatic number and it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Harshit Kumar Choudhary , I. Vinod Reddy

This paper proves the following result: If $G$ is a planar graph and $L$ is a $4$-list assignment of $G$ such that $|L(x) \cap L(y)| \le 2$ for every edge $xy$, then $G$ is $L$-colourable. This answers a question asked by Kratochv\'{i}l,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Xuding Zhu

An ordered graph $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is a subset of integers. The edges are interpreted as tuples $(u,v)$ with $u < v$. For a positive integer $s$, a matrix $M \in \mathbb{Z}^{s \times 4}$, and a vector $\mathbf{p} =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Maria Axenovich , Jonathan Rollin , Torsten Ueckerdt

A star edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that no path or cycle of length four is bi-colored. The star chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi^{\prime}_{s}(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ admits a star…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Behnaz Omoomi , Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi , Yasaman Yektaeian

We prove that for every $d\in \mathbb{N}$ and a graph class of bounded expansion $\mathscr{C}$, there exists some $c\in \mathbb{N}$ so that every graph from $\mathscr{C}$ admits a proper coloring with at most $c$ colors satisfying the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Michał Pilipczuk

A hole is an induced cycle of length at least 4, and an odd hole is a hole of odd length. A full house is a graph composed by a vertex adjacent to both ends of an edge in $K_4$ . Let $H$ be the complement of a cycle on 7 vertices.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jialei Song , Baogang Xu

Let $G$ be a graph whose each component has order at least 3. Let $s : E(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_k$ for some integer $k\geq 2$ be an improper edge coloring of $G$ (where adjacent edges may be assigned the same color). If the induced…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-09-26 Paniz Abedin , Saieed Akbari , Marc Demange , Tinaz Ekim

For a graph $G$, by $\chi_2(G)$ we denote the minimum integer $k$, such that there is a $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ in which vertices at distance at most 2 receive distinct colors. Equivalently, $\chi_2(G)$ is the chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Mateusz Krzyziński , Paweł Rzążewski , Szymon Tur

Generalizing the notion of odd-sum colorings, a $\mathbb{Z}$-labeling of a graph $G$ is called a closed coloring with remainder $k\mod n$ if the closed neighborhood label sum of each vertex is congruent to $k\mod n$. If such colorings…

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ is strong if each color class is an induced matching of $G$. The strong chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{s}^{\prime}(G)$, is the least number of colors in a strong edge coloring of $G$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-11 Michał Dębski , Jarosław Grytczuk , Małgorzata Śleszyńska-Nowak

Three edges $e_{1}, e_{2}$ and $e_{3}$ in a graph $G$ are consecutive if they form a path (in this order) or a cycle of length three. An injective edge coloring of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is a coloring $c$ of the edges of $G$ such that if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-12 Domingos M. Cardoso , J. Orestes Cerdeira , J. Pedro Cruz , Charles Dominic

We call a proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ a B-coloring if every 4-cycle of $G$ is colored with four different colors. Let $q_B(G)$ denote the smallest number of colors needed for a B-coloring of $G$. Motivated by earlier papers on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 András Gyárfás , Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

$\DeclareMathOperator{\chicen}{\chi_{\mathrm{cen}}}\DeclareMathOperator{\chilin}{\chi_{\mathrm{lin}}}$ A centred colouring of a graph is a vertex colouring in which every connected subgraph contains a vertex whose colour is unique and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Prosenjit Bose , Vida Dujmović , Hussein Houdrouge , Mehrnoosh Javarsineh , Pat Morin

Motivated by the definition of linear coloring on simplicial complexes, recently introduced in the context of algebraic topology \cite{Civan}, and the framework through which it was studied, we introduce the linear coloring on graphs. We…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-07-29 Kyriaki Ioannidou , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos

We show that any planar graph $G=(V,E)$ has a 5-coloring such that one color class contains at most $|V|/6$ vertices. In other words, there exists a partition of $V$ into five independent sets $\{V_1, \cdots, V_5\}$ such that $|V_5| \leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Yuta Inoue , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Atsuyuki Miyashita

An adjacent vertex distinguishing coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring of G such that any pair of adjacent vertices are incident with distinct sets of colors. The minimum number of colors needed for an adjacent vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-14 Lianzhu Zhang , Weifan Wang , Ko-Wei Lih

An \emph{additive coloring} of a graph $G$ is an assignment of positive integers $\{1,2,...,k\}$ to the vertices of $G$ such that for every two adjacent vertices the sums of numbers assigned to their neighbors are different. The minimum…

A proper $s$-coloring of an $n$-vertex graph is \emph{equitable} if every color class has size $\lfloor{n/s}\rfloor$ or $\lceil{n/s}\rceil$. A necessary condition to have an equitable $s$-coloring is that every vertex $v$ appears in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Daniel W. Cranston , Reem Mahmoud

A graph $G$ is called chromatic-choosable if $\chi(G)=ch(G)$. A natural problem is to determine the minimum number of vertices in a $k$-chromatic non-$k$-choosable graph. It was conjectured by Ohba, and proved by Noel, Reed and Wu that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-01 Jialu Zhu , Xuding Zhu

A graph G is (d_1,..,d_l)-colorable if the vertex set of G can be partitioned into subsets V_1,..,V_l such that the graph G[V_i] induced by the vertices of V_i has maximum degree at most d_i for all 1 <= i <= l. In this paper, we focus on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Mickael Montassier , Pascal Ochem