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Text-based games are long puzzles or quests, characterized by a sequence of sparse and potentially deceptive rewards. They provide an ideal platform to develop agents that perceive and act upon the world using a combinatorially sized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Ethan Tien , Matthew Hausknecht , Mark O. Riedl

The increase in available computing power and the Deep Learning revolution have allowed the exploration of new topics and frontiers in Artificial Intelligence research. A new field called Embodied Artificial Intelligence, which places at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Roberto Bigazzi

In long-horizon open-world multi-agent systems, existing methods often treat local anomalies as automatic triggers for communication. This default design introduces coordination noise, interrupts local execution, and overuses public…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-22 HuaDong Jian , Chenghao Li , Haoyu Wang , Jiajia Shuai , Jinyu Guo , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Large language model (LLM) based agents have shown great potential in following human instructions and automatically completing various tasks. To complete a task, the agent needs to decompose it into easily executed steps by planning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Weihong Du , Wenrui Liao , Binyu Yan , Hongru Liang , Anthony G. Cohn , Wenqiang Lei

Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to mathematically formalize these abilities using a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Nick Haber , Damian Mrowca , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel L. K. Yamins

OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. OpenSpiel supports n-player (single- and multi- agent) zero-sum, cooperative and general-sum, one-shot and…

Recent embodied agents are primarily built based on reinforcement learning (RL) or large language models (LLMs). Among them, RL agents are efficient for deployment but only perform very few tasks. By contrast, giant LLM agents (often more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Zhuoling Li , Xiaogang Xu , Zhenhua Xu , SerNam Lim , Hengshuang Zhao

Complex environments and tasks pose a difficult problem for holistic end-to-end learning approaches. Decomposition of an environment into interacting controllable and non-controllable objects allows supervised learning for non-controllable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Andrew Melnik , Sascha Fleer , Malte Schilling , Helge Ritter

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive pro-gress on several open-world tasks. Recently, using LLMs to build embodied agents has been a hotspot. This paper proposes STEVE, a comprehensive and visionary embodied agent in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhonghan Zhao , Wenhao Chai , Xuan Wang , Li Boyi , Shengyu Hao , Shidong Cao , Tian Ye , Gaoang Wang

We consider a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem where each agent seeks to maximize a shared reward while interacting with other agents, and they may or may not be able to communicate. Typically the agents do not have access to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Alex Tong Lin , Mark J. Debord , Katia Estabridis , Gary Hewer , Guido Montufar , Stanley Osher

In this work we examine the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging setting of acting as a Minecraft agent. We apply and evaluate LLMs in the builder and architect settings, introduce clarification questions and examining the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chris Madge , Massimo Poesio

Reinforcement learning algorithms can train agents that solve problems in complex, interesting environments. Normally, the complexity of the trained agent is closely related to the complexity of the environment. This suggests that a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Trapit Bansal , Jakub Pachocki , Szymon Sidor , Ilya Sutskever , Igor Mordatch

Creatures in the real world constantly encounter new and diverse challenges they have never seen before. They will often need to adapt to some of these tasks and solve them in order to survive. This almost endless world of novel challenges…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Emma Stensby Norstein , Kai Olav Ellefsen , Kyrre Glette

This paper investigates generalisation in multi-agent games, where the generality of the agent can be evaluated by playing against opponents it hasn't seen during training. We propose two new games with concealed information and complex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Alexander Sasha Vezhnevets , Yuhuai Wu , Remi Leblond , Joel Z. Leibo

In this work, we tackle the problem of open-ended learning by introducing a method that simultaneously evolves agents and increasingly challenging environments. Unlike previous open-ended approaches that optimize agents using a fixed neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Muhammad Umair Nasir , Michael Beukman , Steven James , Christopher Wesley Cleghorn

The question of how an effective and efficient communication system can emerge in a population of agents that need to solve a particular task attracts more and more attention from researchers in many fields, including artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jens Nevens , Paul Van Eecke , Katrien Beuls

An agent trained within a closed system can master any desired capability, as long as the following three conditions hold: (a) it receives sufficiently informative and aligned feedback, (b) its coverage of experience/data is broad enough,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tom Schaul

Achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) requires AI agents that can not only make stratigic decisions but also engage in flexible and meaningful communication. Inspired by Wittgenstein's language game theory in Philosophical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Rong Ye , Yongxin Zhang , Yikai Zhang , Haoyu Kuang , Zhongyu Wei , Peng Sun

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu

Interactive fiction games have emerged as an important application to improve the generalization capabilities of language-based reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Existing environments for interactive fiction games are domain-specific or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shreyas Basavatia , Keerthiram Murugesan , Shivam Ratnakar