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4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) enables high-quality dynamic novel view synthesis, yet current models remain monolithic bitstreams that clients must download in full before any frame can be rendered, causing black-screen waits of tens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiachen Li , Guangzhi Han , Jin Wan , Delong Han , Yuan Gao , Min Li , Mingle Zhou , Gang Li

Nonlinear interference models for dual-polarization 4D (DP-4D) modulation have only been used so far to predict signal-signal nonlinear interference. We show that including the signal-noise term in the prediction of the effective…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-18 Zhiwei Liang , Bin Chen , Yi Lei , Gabriele Liga , Alex Alvarado

Probabilistic shaping based on constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) has received considerable attention as a way to increase the capacity of fiber optical communication systems. CCDM suffers from significant rate loss at short…

We show that short-length probabilistic shaping reduces nonlinear interference in optical fiber transmission. SNR improvements of up to 0.8 dB are obtained. The shaping gain vanishes when interleaving is employed and not undone before…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Tobias Fehenberger , Helmut Griesser , Jörg-Peter Elbers

In optical communications, four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats encode information onto the quadrature components of two arbitrary orthogonal states of polarisation of the optical field. These formats have recently regained attention…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-30 Gabriele Liga , Astrid Barreiro , Hami Rabbani , Alex Alvarado

This paper investigates generic signal shaping methods for multiple-data-stream generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) and generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GenQSM) based on the maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance (MMED)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-29 Shuaishuai Guo , Haixia Zhang , Peng Zhang , Shuping Dang , Liang Cong , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Particle-based shape modeling (PSM) is a family of approaches that automatically quantifies shape variability across anatomical cohorts by positioning particles (pseudo landmarks) on shape surfaces in a consistent configuration. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Hong Xu , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Dynamic 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) effectively extends the high-speed rendering capabilities of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) to represent volumetric videos. However, the large number of Gaussians, substantial temporal redundancies, and…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hyeongmin Lee , Kyungjune Baek

3D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as an alternative 3D representation for novel view synthesis, benefiting from its high-quality rendering results and real-time rendering speed. However, the 3D Gaussians learned by 3D-GS have ambiguous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xu Hu , Yuxi Wang , Lue Fan , Chuanchen Luo , Junsong Fan , Zhen Lei , Qing Li , Junran Peng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Band-trellis enumerative sphere shaping is proposed to decrease the energy variations in channel input sequences. Against sphere shaping, 0.74 dB SNR gain and up to 9% increase in data rates are demonstrated for single-span systems.

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-11 Yunus Can Gültekin , Alex Alvarado , Olga Vassilieva , Inwoong Kim , Paparao Palacharla , Chigo Okonkwo , Frans M. J. Willems

A new circularly pulse-shaped (CPS) precoding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, or CPS-OFDM for short, is proposed in this paper. CPS-OFDM, characterized by user-specific precoder flexibility, possesses the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yenming Huang , Borching Su

By tailoring probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) for nonlinearity tolerance, we experimentally demonstrate up to 1.1 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 6.4% increase in total net data rate (NDR) compared to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-10 Junho Cho , Xi Chen , Greg Raybon , Di Che , Ellsworth Burrows , Robert Tkach

Approaching Shannon's capacity via geometric shaping has usually been regarded as challenging due to modulation and demodulation complexity, requiring look-up tables to store the constellation points and constellation bit labeling. To…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Ali Mirani , Erik Agrell , Magnus Karlsson

The emergence of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently ignited a renewed wave of research in dense visual SLAM. However, existing approaches encounter challenges, including sensitivity to artifacts and noise, suboptimal selection of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wancai Zheng , Xinyi Yu , Jintao Rong , Linlin Ou , Yan Wei , Libo Zhou

Diffraction-free Bessel beams have attracted major interest because of their stability even in regimes of nonlinear propagation and filamentation. However, Kerr nonlinear couplings are known to induce significant longitudinal intensity…

Recent advances in 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) editing still face challenges with view, temporal, and non-editing region consistency, as well as with handling complex text instructions. To address these issues, we propose 4DGS-Craft, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Lei Liu , Can Wang , Zhenghao Chen , Dong Xu

Probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) is a practical means to achieve a shaping gain in optical fiber communication. However, PAS and shaping in general also affect the signal-dependent generation of nonlinear interference. This provides an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Jeebak Mitra

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) represents a significant advancement in the field of efficient and high-fidelity novel view synthesis. Despite recent progress, achieving accurate geometric reconstruction under sparse-view conditions remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zexu Huang , Min Xu , Stuart Perry

In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has made remarkable progress in RGBD SLAM. Current methods usually use 3D Gaussians or view-tied 3D Gaussians to represent radiance fields in tracking and mapping. However, these Gaussians are either too…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pengchong Hu , Zhizhong Han