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For randomized controlled trials to be conclusive, it is important to set the target sample size accurately at the design stage. Comparing two normal populations, the sample size calculation requires specification of the variance other than…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Hirotada Maeda , Satoshi Hattori , Tim Friede

Staggered treatment adoption arises in the evaluation of policy impact and implementation in many settings, including both randomized stepped-wedge trials and non-randomized quasi-experiments with panel data. In both settings, getting an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Lee Kennedy-Shaffer

Introduction: Modelling of relative treatment effects is an important aspect to consider when extrapolating the long-term survival outcomes of treatments. Flexible parametric models offer the ability to accurately model the observed data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-02 Philip Cooney , Arthur White

Complementary features of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) can be used jointly to estimate the average treatment effect of a target population. We propose a calibration weighting estimator that enforces…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-16 Dasom Lee , Shu Yang , Lin Dong , Xiaofei Wang , Donglin Zeng , Jianwen Cai

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) from right-censored survival data is critical in high-stakes applications such as precision medicine and individualized policy-making. Yet, the survival analysis setting poses unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shahriar Noroozizadeh , Xiaobin Shen , Jeremy C. Weiss , George H. Chen

One central goal of design of observational studies is to embed non-experimental data into an approximate randomized controlled trial using statistical matching. Despite empirical researchers' best intention and effort to create…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Kan Chen , Siyu Heng , Qi Long , Bo Zhang

Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is a high mortality cancer. Clinical data analysis plays a crucial role in predicting the survival of colorectal cancer patients, enabling clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sadegh Soleimani , Mahsa Bahrami , Mansour Vali

Hierarchical composite endpoints, such as those analyzed using the Finkelstein-Schoenfeld (FS) statistic, are increasingly used in clinical trials for their ability to incorporate clinically prioritized outcomes. However, adaptive design…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Krishna Padmanabhan , Cyrus Mehta

Surrogate endpoints are used in place of long-term outcomes in randomized experiments when observing the real outcome for a large enough cohort is prohibitively expensive or impractical. A short-term surrogate is good if the result of an…

Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) have become common practice for drug development and global registration. Once overall significance is established, demonstrating regional consistency is critical for local health authorities. Methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-14 Xinru Ren , Jin Xu

The goal of this paper is to make Optimal Experimental Design (OED) computationally feasible for problems involving significant computational expense. We focus exclusively on the Mean Objective Cost of Uncertainty (MOCU), which is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-09 Anthony M. DeGennaro , Francis J. Alexander

Sparse reduced rank regression is an essential statistical learning method. In the contemporary literature, estimation is typically formulated as a nonconvex optimization that often yields to a local optimum in numerical computation. Yet,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Canhong Wen , Ruipeng Dong , Xueqin Wang , Weiyu Li , Heping Zhang

Meta-analyses of survival studies aim to reveal the variation of an effect measure of interest over different studies and present a meaningful summary. They must address between study heterogeneity in several dimensions and eliminate…

Trial level surrogates are useful tools for improving the speed and cost effectiveness of trials, but surrogates that have not been properly evaluated can cause misleading results. The evaluation procedure is often contextual and depends on…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-23 Michael C Sachs , Erin E Gabriel , Alessio Crippa , Michael J Daniels

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comprehensive datasets that combine histopathological images with genetic and survival data across various tumour sites are essential for advancing computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Craig Myles , In Hwa Um , Craig Marshall , David Harris-Birtill , David J. Harrison

This paper introduces an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) notion for survival analysis. The ODE notion not only provides a unified modeling framework, but more importantly, also enables the development of a widely applicable, scalable,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-07 Weijing Tang , Kevin He , Gongjun Xu , Ji Zhu

It has been shown that cooperative coevolution (CC) can effectively deal with large scale optimization problems (LSOPs) through a divide-and-conquer strategy. However, its performance is severely restricted by the current…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Bei Pang , Zhigang Ren , Yongsheng Liang , An Chen

Model-assisted regression estimation is fundamental in survey sampling for incorporating auxiliary information. However, when the auxiliary dimension grows with the sample size, the standard Generalized regression (GREG) estimator can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Yonghyun Kwon , Shu Yang , Jae Kwang Kim

A significant hurdle for analyzing large sample data is the lack of effective statistical computing and inference methods. An emerging powerful approach for analyzing large sample data is subsampling, by which one takes a random subsample…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-24 Rong Zhu , Ping Ma , Michael W. Mahoney , Bin Yu

The coefficient of determination, known as $R^2$, is commonly used as a goodness-of-fit criterion for fitting linear models. $R^2$ is somewhat controversial when fitting nonlinear models, although it may be generalised on a case-by-case…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Mark Levene , Aleksejus Kononovicius