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The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), aimed at reducing the diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, has dramatically influenced our behaviour in everyday life. In this work, we study how individuals adapted their daily movements and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Lorenzo Lucchini , Simone Centellegher , Luca Pappalardo , Riccardo Gallotti , Filippo Privitera , Bruno Lepri , Marco De Nadai

National responses to the Covid-19 pandemic varied markedly across countries, from business-as-usual to complete shutdowns. Policies aimed at disrupting the viral transmission cycle and preventing the healthcare system from being…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-27 Arash Saeidpour , Pejman Rohani

The widespread, and in many countries unprecedented, use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mathematical models which can estimate the impact of these measures while…

Epidemics of infectious diseases posing a serious risk to human health have occurred throughout history. During recent epidemics there has been much debate about policy, including how and when to impose restrictions on behaviour.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-04-08 Simon K. Schnyder , John J. Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto , Matthew S. Turner

Initial hopes of quickly eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic proved futile, and the goal shifted to controlling the peak of the infection, so as to minimize the load on healthcare systems. To that end, public health authorities intervened…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-25 M. Ali Al-Radhawi , Mahdiar Sadeghi , Eduardo D. Sontag

We propose a general Bayesian approach to modeling epidemics such as COVID-19. The approach grew out of specific analyses conducted during the pandemic, in particular an analysis concerning the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-01 Samir Bhatt , Neil Ferguson , Seth Flaxman , Axel Gandy , Swapnil Mishra , James A. Scott

In this research, we develop a framework to analyze the interaction between the economy and the Covid-19 pandemic using an extension of SIR epidemic model. At the outset, we assume there are two health related investments including general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-14 Zachariah Sinkala , Vajira Manathunga , Bichaka Fayissa

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community developed predictive models to evaluate potential governmental interventions. However, the analysis of the effects these interventions had is less advanced. Here, we propose a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-09 Andres Babino , Marcelo O. Magnasco

Since the early months of 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) -- implemented at varying levels of severity and based on widely-divergent perspectives of risk tolerance -- have been the primary means to control SARS-CoV-2…

The informational environment surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic has been widely recognized as fragmented, politicized, and complex [1]. This has resulted in polarized public views regarding the veracity of scientific communication, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Alex Rich , Cameron Yick , David Gotz

The COVID-19 pandemic left its unique mark on the 21st century as one of the most significant disasters in history, triggering governments all over the world to respond with a wide range of interventions. However, these restrictions come…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Assem Zhunis , Tung-Duong Mai , Sundong Kim

In response to the worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as face masks and social distancing have been implemented. A careful assessment of the effects of such containment…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Michael te Vrugt , Jens Bickmann , Raphael Wittkowski

Given multiple new COVID-19 variants are continuously emerging, non-pharmaceutical interventions are still primary control strategies to curb the further spread of coronavirus. However, implementing strict interventions over extended…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-01 Xiao Zhou , Xiaohu Zhang , Paolo Santi , Carlo Ratti

Mitigation measures are essential for controlling the spread of infectious diseases during pandemics and epidemics, but they impose considerable societal, individual, and economic costs. We developed a general optimization framework to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-15 Laura Müller , Fabio Sartori , Jonas Dehning , Maximilian F. Eggl , Viola Priesemann

Several models have been developed to predict how the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, and how it could be contained with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing restrictions and school and business closures. This paper…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Risto Miikkulainen , Olivier Francon , Elliot Meyerson , Xin Qiu , Elisa Canzani , Babak Hodjat

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored a critical need for intervention strategies that balance disease containment with socioeconomic stability. We approach this challenge by designing a framework for modeling and evaluating disease-spread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Marian Chen , Miri Zilka

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are effective measures to contain a pandemic. Yet, such control measures commonly have a negative effect on the economy. Here, we propose a macro-level approach to support resolving this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Rohit Salgotra , Thomas Seidelmann , Dominik Fischer , Sanaz Mostaghim , Amiram Moshaiov

Diverse and complex intervention policies deployed over the last years have shown varied effectiveness in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a systematic analysis and modelling of the combined effects of different viral lineages…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-27 Quang Dang Nguyen , Sheryl L. Chang , Christina M. Jamerlan , Mikhail Prokopenko

Various non pharmaceutical interventions have been settled to minimise the burden of the COVID-19 outbreak. We build a framework to analyse the dynamics of non pharmaceutical interventions, to distinguish between mitigations measures…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-23 Laurent Evain , Jean-Jacques Loeb

The sudden and rapid spread of the COVID_19 pandemic with its terrible consequences has put the management of governments and the various world institutions into a crisis. They have been subjected to a considerable economic effort to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-08 Rehana Naz , Andrew Omame , Mariano Torrisi