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To build agents that can collaborate effectively with others, recent research has trained artificial agents to communicate with each other in Lewis-style referential games. However, this often leads to successful but uninterpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Jesse Mu , Noah Goodman

Games have long been used as benchmarks and testing environments for research in artificial intelligence. A key step in supporting this research was the development of game description languages: frameworks that compile domain-specific code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Graham Todd , Alexander G. Padula , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Julian Togelius

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are integrated into critical real-world applications, their strategic and logical reasoning abilities are increasingly crucial. This paper evaluates LLMs' reasoning abilities in competitive environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jinhao Duan , Renming Zhang , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Lichao Sun , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu

Large Language Models' (LLMs) programming capabilities enable their participation in open-source games: a game-theoretic setting in which players submit computer programs in lieu of actions. These programs offer numerous advantages,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Swadesh Sistla , Max Kleiman-Weiner

Board-level hardware description languages (HDLs) are one approach to increasing automation and raising the level of abstraction for designing electronics. These systems borrow programming languages concepts like generators and type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Richard Lin , Björn Hartmann

Ludii is a Java general game system with a considerable number of board games, with an API for developing new agents and a game description language to create new games. To improve versatility and ease development, we provide Python…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Izaias S. de Lima Neto , Marco A. A. de Aguiar Vieira , Anderson R. Tavares

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven their worth across a diverse spectrum of disciplines. LLMs have shown great potential in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) as well, but directly generating a level through a pre-trained LLM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Muhammad U. Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius

Language is a ubiquitous tool that is foundational to reasoning and collaboration, ranging from everyday interactions to sophisticated problem-solving tasks. The establishment of a common language can serve as a powerful asset in ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dom Huh , Prasant Mohapatra

Game semantics has proven to be a robust method to give compositional semantics for a variety of higher-order programming languages. However, due to the complexity of most game models, game semantics has remained unapproachable for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Nobuko Yoshida , Simon Castellan , Léo Stefanesco

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) refers to research aimed at tackling the full problem of artificial intelligence, that is, create truly intelligent agents. This sets it apart from most AI research which aims at solving relatively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-08 Tom Schaul , Julian Togelius , Jürgen Schmidhuber

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

We present initial research towards procedural generation of Simplified Boardgames and translating them into an efficient GDL code. This is a step towards establishing Simplified Boardgames as a comparison class for General Game Playing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new opportunities for procedural content generation. However, recent attempts mainly focus on level generation for specific games with defined game rules such as Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengpeng Hu , Yunlong Zhao , Jialin Liu

Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) is a logical framework in which one can describe in great detail how actions are perceived by the agents, and how they affect the world. DEL games were recently introduced as a way to define classes of games…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Sophie Pinchinat , François Schwarzentruber , Silvia Stranieri

Automated game design is the problem of automatically producing games through computational processes. Traditionally, these methods have relied on the authoring of search spaces by a designer, defining the space of all possible games for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Matthew Guzdial , Mark Riedl

Serious games are defined as applied games that focus on the gamification of an experience (e.g., learning and training activities) and are not strictly for entertainment purposes. In recent years, serious games have become increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Alexandros Gazis , Eleftheria Katsiri

An analysis description language is a domain specific language capable of describing the contents of an LHC analysis in a standard and unambiguous way, independent of any computing framework. It is designed for use by anyone with an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-05 Sezen Sekmen , Philippe Gras , Lindsey Gray , Benjamin Krikler , Jim Pivarski , Harrison B. Prosper , Andrea Rizzi , Gokhan Unel , Gordon Watts

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have presented challenges in evaluating those models. Existing evaluation methods are either reference-based or preference based, which inevitably need human intervention or introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dan Qiao , Chenfei Wu , Yaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Nan Duan

Game semantics is a powerful method of semantic analysis for programming languages. It gives mathematically accurate models ("fully abstract") for a wide variety of programming languages. Game semantic models are combinatorial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Dan R. Ghica , Khulood Alyahya

Rigorously evaluating machine intelligence against the broad spectrum of human general intelligence has become increasingly important and challenging in this era of rapid technological advance. Conventional AI benchmarks typically assess…