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Non-volatile Neuromorphic Computing (NC) elements utilizing Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) provide a viable solution to alleviate the memory wall bottleneck in contemporary computing systems. However, the two challenges, low SOT efficiency and the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Badsha Sekh , Hasibur Rahaman , Subhakanta Das , Mitali , Ramu Maddu , Kesavan Jawahar , S. N. Piramanayagam

Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) devices offer improved power efficiency, nonvolatility, and performance compared to static RAM, making them ideal, for instance, for cache memory applications. Efficient…

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the field of brain-inspired computing based on neural-network architectures. In order to translate the related algorithmic models into powerful, yet energy-efficient cognitive-computing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-17 Mrigank Sharad , D. Fan , Kaushik Roy

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) increases the requirement for edge computing with low power and relatively high processing speed devices. The Computing-In-Memory(CIM) schemes based on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Yewei Zhang , Kejie Huang , Rui Xiao , Haibin Shen

Nanoscale resistive memories are expected to fuel dense integration of electronic synapses for large-scale neuromorphic system. To realize such a brain-inspired computing chip, a compact CMOS spiking neuron that performs in-situ learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Xinyu Wu , Vishal Saxena , Kehan Zhu , Sakkarapani Balagopal

Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) based p-bit neuromorphic computing devices are garnering increasing interest as a means to compactly and efficiently realize machine learning operations in Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). When…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Paul Wood , Hossein Pourmeidani , Ronald F. DeMara

The neuromorphic BrainScaleS-2 ASIC comprises mixed-signal neurons and synapse circuits as well as two versatile digital microprocessors. Primarily designed to emulate spiking neural networks, the system can also operate in a vector-matrix…

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

This paper presents an in-memory computing (IMC) architecture developed on an 8x8 array of 8T SRAM cells. This architecture enables both multi-bit parallel Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations and standard memory processing through…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Amogh K M , Sunita M S

We demonstrate approximate storage based on NAND-like spin-orbit torque (SOT) MRAM, through "device-modeling-architecture" explorations. We experimentally achieve down to 1E-5 level selectivity. Selectivity and low-power solutions are…

In the last decade, the interest to emulation of the functionality and structure of the human brain to solve the problems related to image processing and pattern recognition, especially using to Artificial Neural Network (ANN), has…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Bexultan Nursultan , Olga Krestinskaya

Emerging nano-scale programmable Resistive-RAM (RRAM) has been identified as a promising technology for implementing brain-inspired computing hardware. Several neural network architectures, that essentially involve computation of scalar…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Aranya Goswamy , Sagar Kumashi , Vikash Sehwag , Siddharth Kumar Singh , Manny Jain , Kaushik Roy , Mrigank Sharad

Analog electronic non-volatile memories mimicking synaptic operations are being explored for the implementation of neuromorphic computing systems. Compound synapses consisting of ensembles of stochastic binary elements are alternatives to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Vaibhav Ostwal , Ramtin Zand , Ronald DeMara , Joerg Appenzeller

We report a spin-orbit torque(SOT) magnetoresistive random-access memory(MRAM)-based probabilistic binary neural network(PBNN) for resource-saving and hardware noise-tolerant computing applications. With the presence of thermal fluctuation,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yu Gu , Puyang Huang , Tianhao Chen , Chenyi Fu , Aitian Chen , Shouzhong Peng , Xixiang Zhang , Xufeng Kou

This paper presents a PVT-resilient, subthreshold SRAM-based computing-in-memory (CIM) macro tailored for energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs). The macro integrates in-situ current sensors and distributed voltage regulators to…

Non-Boolean computing based on emerging post-CMOS technologies can potentially pave the way for low-power neural computing platforms. However, existing work on such emerging neuromorphic architectures have either focused on solely mimicking…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Abhronil Sengupta , Yong Shim , Kaushik Roy

This paper presents a simulation platform, namely CIMulator, for quantifying the efficacy of various synaptic devices in neuromorphic accelerators for different neural network architectures. Nonvolatile memory devices, such as resistive…

The memristance of a memristor depends on the amount of charge flowing through it and when current stops flowing through it, it remembers the state. Thus, memristors are extremely suited for implementation of memory units. Memristors find…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Udit Kumar Agarwal , Shikhar Makhija , Varun Tripathi , Kunwar Singh

Charge-domain compute-in-memory (CIM) SRAMs have recently become an enticing compromise between computing efficiency and accuracy to process sub-8b convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at the edge. Yet, they commonly make use of a fixed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Adrian Kneip , Martin Lefebvre , Pol Maistriaux , David Bol

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang