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The polarization of the Mg II h & k resonance lines is the result of the joint action of scattering processes and the magnetic field induced Hanle, Zeeman, and magneto-optical effects, thus holding significant potential for the diagnostic…

Deep cosmic microwave background polarization experiments allow a very precise internal reconstruction of the gravitational lensing signal in pricinple. For this aim, likelihood-based or Bayesian methods are typically necessary, where very…

This paper presents a follow-up to previous work on correcting PSF-induced Doppler artifacts in observations by the SPICE spectrograph on Solar Orbiter. In a previous paper, we demonstrated correction of these artifacts in the $y-\lambda$…

The deduction from solar flare X-ray photon spectroscopic data of the energy dependent model-independent spectral index is considered as an inverse problem. Using the well developed regularization approach we analyze the energy dependency…

We present SDO2IRIS$^2$: a visual transformer model that translates a combination of images of the chromosphere and transition region (TR), observed by AIA, and a line-of-sight magnetogram, provided by HMI, into temperature, line-of-sight…

We present a fast (<< 1 s per profile) inversion code for solar Ca II lines. The code uses an archive of spectra that are synthesized prior to the inversion under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We show that it can…

We explore the science prospects of a 14,000 deg$^2$ Kinematic Lensing (KL) survey with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and overlapping imaging surveys. KL infers the cosmic shear signal by jointly forward modeling the…

We present observations of a solar plage in the millimeter-continuum with the ALMA and in the Ca 8542 and Na 5896 spectral lines with the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer (IBIS). Our goal is to compare the measurement of local gas…

We developed a method to compute the temperature and density structure along the line of sight by inversion of the differential emission measure (DEM), under the assumptions of stratification and hydrostatic equilibrium. We applied this…

This paper describes an adaptation of the Optimal Localized Averaging (OLA) inversion technique, originally developed for geo- and helioseismological applications, to the interpretation of solar spectroscopic data. It focuses on inverting…

Aims. We examined the capabilities of methods based on the weak-field approximation and line bisectors to extract fast and reliable information about the height stratification of the magnetic field and line-of-sight velocities,…

Using polarization measurements in remote sensing and optical studies allows retrieving more information. We consider relationship between the reflection coefficients of plane and rough surfaces for linearly polarized waves. Certain…

We develop and apply an enhanced regularization algorithm, used in RHESSI X-ray spectral analysis, to constrain the ill-posed inverse problem that is determining the DEM from solar observations. We demonstrate this computationally fast…

Polarized NLTE radiative transfer in the presence of scattering in spectral lines and/or in continua may be cast in a so-called reduced form for six reduced components of the radiation field. In this formalism the six components of the…

The goals of this work are to provide NIR polarimetry of the stellar sources in the central pc at the resolution of an 8m telescope for the first time, along with new insights into the nature of the known bright bow-shock sources. We use AO…

NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides high resolution observations of the solar atmosphere through UV spectroscopy and imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in June 2013, we have conducted systematic observation campaigns…

Photometric light curves suffer from fundamental degeneracies that limit surface information recovery. We demonstrate that astrometry enables access to complementary information through photocentre variations induced by rotating surface…

The reconstruction of ocean subsurface temperature (OST) using satellite remote sensing data holds significant scientific value for advancing the understanding of ocean dynamics and climate variability. However, the scarcity of subsurface…

Deep-learning (DL)-based image deconvolution (ID) has exhibited remarkable recovery performance, surpassing traditional linear methods. However, unlike traditional ID approaches that rely on analytical properties of the point spread…

LSST will open new vistas for cosmology in the next decade, but it cannot reach its full potential without data from other telescopes. Cosmological constraints can be greatly enhanced using wide-field ($>20$ deg$^2$ total survey area),…