Predicting the thermodynamics in the chromosphere from the translation of SDO data into the IRIS$^{2}$ inversion results using a visual transformer model
Abstract
We present SDO2IRIS: a visual transformer model that translates a combination of images of the chromosphere and transition region (TR), observed by AIA, and a line-of-sight magnetogram, provided by HMI, into temperature, line-of-sight velocity (v), velocity of the turbulent motions (v), and electron density (n) in the chromosphere. Using the thermodynamic variables obtained from the inversion of the chromospheric lines Mg II h&k, observed by IRIS, as the target of the model, and the intensity images in the chromosphere and TR, and the photospheric magnetogram as the input, the predicted T and n show a strong correlation () for 80% of the test inverted data, a moderate-to-strong correlation () for 70% of the v of the target test inverted data, while for the , the correlation is weak. Therefore, the predicted values by SDO2IRIS may be used as an estimation of the thermodynamics in the chromosphere, either as a stand-alone result or as complementary information to other chromospheric data observed simultaneously. The execution time employed by SDO2IRIS to obtain the thermodynamic values in the chromosphere is of the order of a few minutes, being minutes when using a CPU, and minutes when using a GPU. SDO2IRIS opens a new avenue for the use of SDO data thanks to the inversions provided by IRIS observables.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.21184,
title = {Predicting the thermodynamics in the chromosphere from the translation of SDO data into the IRIS$^{2}$ inversion results using a visual transformer model},
author = {Alberto Sainz Dalda and Vishal Upendran and Juno Kim and Kyuhyoun Cho and Paul S. Killam and Viggo Hansteen and Bart De Pontieu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.21184},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
21 pages, 6 figures, and 7 tables