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We introduce a denoising method for four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) that relies on processing local, scan position-independent electron event-sparse data stacks, called event-sparse stack denoising. This…
Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is employed both in large-scale geophysical applications as well as within exploration of hydrocarbons and gas hydrates. Due to the diffusive character of the EM field only very low…
The information regarding how the intergalactic medium is reionized by astrophysical sources is contained in the tomographic three-dimensional 21 cm images from the epoch of reionization. In Zhao et al. (2022a) ("Paper I"), we demonstrated…
Helioseismic techniques such as ring-diagram analysis have often been used to determine the subsurface structural differences between solar active and quiet regions. Results obtained by inverting the frequency differences between the…
Surges are cool and dense ejections typically observed in chromospheric lines and closely related to other solar phenomena like UV bursts or coronal jets. Our aim is to address the current lack of inverted models and diagnostics of surges…
Inferring the coupling of different atmospheric layers requires observing spectral lines sensitive to the atmospheric parameters, particularly the magnetic field vector, at various heights. The best way to tackle this goal is to perform…
HST is commonly thought of as an optical-IR imaging or UV-spectroscopy observatory. However, the advent of WFC3-IR made it possible to do slitless infrared spectroscopic surveys over an area significant for galaxy evolution studies (~0.15…
Solar spectropolarimetric inversion -- inferring atmospheric conditions from the Stokes vector -- is a key diagnostic tool for understanding solar magnetism, but traditional inversion methods are computationally expensive and sensitive to…
The major challenges for a fully polarized radiative transfer driven approach to Zeeman-Doppler imaging are still the enormous computational requirements. In every cycle of the iterative interplay between the forward process (spectral…
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land-surface processes on regional and global scales, combining the results of all surface-atmosphere interactions and energy fluxes between the surface and the…
We outline polarization performance calculations and predictions for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) optics and show Mueller matrices for two of the first light instruments. Telescope polarization is due to polarization…
Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) quantifies acoustic tissue properties such as the speed-of-sound (SOS). Although full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective method for accurate SOS reconstruction, it can be computationally…
In sparse coding, we attempt to extract features of input vectors, assuming that the data is inherently structured as a sparse superposition of basic building blocks. Similarly, neural networks perform a given task by learning features of…
Next-generation solar spectrographs increasingly record dense wavelength windows in which tens to hundreds of spectral lines are sampled at each spatial location and time step. This expands the scope for multi-line, multi-height diagnostics…
Aims: We aim to achieve high spatial resolution as well as high polarimetric sensitivity, using an earth-based 1m-class solar telescope, for the study of magnetic fine structure on the Sun. Methods: We use a setup with 3 high-speed,…
Modern observatories and instruments require optics fabricated at larger sizes with more stringent performance requirements. The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope will be the world's largest solar telescope at 4.0 m aperture delivering a 300…
The quality of images of the Sun obtained from the ground are severely limited by the perturbing effect of the turbulent Earth's atmosphere. The post-facto correction of the images to compensate for the presence of the atmosphere require…
X-rays astrophysical sources have been almost exclusively characterized through imaging, spectroscopy and timing analysis. Nevertheless, more observational parameters are needed because some radiation mechanisms present in neutrons stars or…
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key variable for various applications, such as urban climate and ecology studies. Yet, existing satellite-derived LST products provide either high spatial or high temporal resolution, resulting in a…
Our ability to observe, detect, and characterize exoplanetary atmospheres has grown by leaps and bounds over the last 20 years, aided largely by developments in astronomical instrumentation; improvements in data analysis techniques; and an…