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Amorphous interfacial complexions have been shown to restrict grain growth and improve damage tolerance in nanocrystalline alloys, with increased chemical complexity stabilizing the complexions themselves. Here, we investigate local…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-05 Esther C. Hessong , Zhengyu Zhang , Tianjiao Lei , Mingjie Xu , Toshihiro Aoki , Timothy J. Rupert

Alzheimer's disease affects an ever-increasing number of people in the aging population. Current treatment options are limited to a narrow time frame at the mild to moderate stage of dementia, and patients are confronted with the inevitable…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-06-07 Joachim Enengl , Peter Dungel

Industrial polymeric materials often rely on antioxidants to achieve long-term reliability. Previous studies have frequently discussed the stabilization effect in the presence of macroscopic additive migration. However, the micro- to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-02-17 Takato Ishida , Emmanuel Richaud

Behavioral health interventions, delivered through digital platforms, have the potential to significantly improve health outcomes, through education, motivation, reminders, and outreach. We study the problem of optimizing personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jackie Baek , Justin J. Boutilier , Vivek F. Farias , Jonas Oddur Jonasson , Erez Yoeli

This tutorial covers biomedical image reconstruction, from the foundational concepts of system modeling and direct reconstruction to modern sparsity and learning-based approaches. Imaging is a critical tool in biological research and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 Michael T. McCann , Michael Unser

Partial Volume effects are present at the boundary between any two types of material in a CT image due to the scanner's Point Spread Function, finite voxel resolution, and importantly, the discrepancy in radiodensity between the two…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Aren Beagley , Hannah Richards , Joshua W. Giles

In multi-stage radiotherapy, a patient is treated in several stages separated by weeks or months. This regimen has been motivated mostly by radiobiological considerations, but also provides an approach to reduce normal tissue dose by…

This paper presents a combined numerical-theoretical study of the macroscopic behavior and local field distributions in a special class of two-dimensional periodic composites with viscoplastic phases. The emphasis is on strongly nonlinear…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-07-09 Martin I. Idiart , Francois Willot , Yves-Patrick Pellegrini , Pedro Ponte Castaneda

Simulations of crystal growth are performed by using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network surrogate models, trained on a dataset of time sequences computed by numerical integration of Allen-Cahn dynamics including faceting via kinetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-24 Matteo Rigoni , Daniele Lanzoni , Francesco Montalenti , Roberto Bergamaschini

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential medical tool with inherently slow data acquisition process. Slow acquisition process requires patient to be long time exposed to scanning apparatus. In recent years significant efforts are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Jelena Badnjar

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the development of atherosclerotic plaques (APs) in arterial endothelium. The APs in part of an arterial wall are inhomogeneous on size and on distribution. In order to understand this…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-07 Jicun Wang-Michelitsch , Thomas M. Michelitsch

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer, mainly affecting the youngest and oldest populations. Its detection at early stages is crucial to reduce the probability of developing bone metastasis. In this context, accurate and fast…

It is classical that, when the small deformation is assumed, the incremental analysis problem of an elastoplastic structure with a piecewise-linear yield condition and a linear strain hardening model can be formulated as a convex quadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-22 Yoshihiro Kanno

We propose an algorithm for the computational homogenization of locally periodic hyperelastic structures undergoing large deformations due to external quasi-static loading. The algorithm performs clustering of macroscopic deformations into…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Vladimír Lukeš , Eduard Rohan

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease typically diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which quantifies areal bone mineral density but overlooks bone microarchitecture and surrounding soft tissues. High-resolution peripheral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohseu Rashid Subah , Mohammed Abdul Gani Zilani , Thomas L. Nickolas , Matthew R. Allen , Stuart J. Warden , Rachel K. Surowiec

Continuum bone remodelling is an important tool for predicting the effects of mechanical stimuli on bone density evolution. While the modelling of only cancellous bone is considered in many studies based on continuum bone remodelling, this…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-15 Ina Schmidt , Areti Papastavrou , Paul Steinmann

This paper describes a two-dimensional (2D) finite element simulation for fracture and fatigue behaviours of pure alumina microstructures such as those found at hip prostheses. Finite element models are developed using actual Al2O3…

Medical Physics · Physics 2012-04-03 Kyungmok Kim , Bernard Forest , Jean Géringer

Intracranial aneurysms remain a major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide, where rupture risk is tightly coupled to local hemodynamics particularly wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index. Conventional…

The development of novel materials in recent years has been accelerated greatly by the use of computational modelling techniques aimed at elucidating the complex physics controlling microstructure formation in materials, the properties of…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-14 Damien Pinto , Michael Greenwood , Nikolas Provatas

Critically sized defects are currently treated via autologous or allograft bone grafting, distraction osteogenesis, and membrane induction. However, these methods have major weaknesses which encourage the development of synthetic bone graft…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-17 Rebecca Chung , Dilhan M. Kalyon , Antonio Valdevit