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The use of ray projections to reconstruct images is a common technique in medical imaging. Dealing with incomplete data is particularly important when a patient is vulnerable to potentially damaging radiation or is unable to cope with the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mohammad Majid al-Rifaie , Tim Blackwell

Efficient and fast reconstruction of anatomical structures plays a crucial role in clinical practice. Minimizing retrieval and processing times not only potentially enhances swift response and decision-making in critical scenarios but also…

The physics of crystalline membranes, i.e. fixed-connectivity surfaces embedded in three dimensions and with an extrinsic curvature term, is very rich and of great theoretical interest. To understand their behavior, numerical simulations…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 G. Thorleifsson , M. Falcioni

Evolutionary algorithms have long been used for optimization problems where the appropriate size of solutions is unclear a priori. The applicability of this methodology is here investigated on the problem of designing a nano-particle (NP)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas , Larry Bull , Andrew Adamatzky , Igor Balaz

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent pediatric cancer. Approximately two third of survivors develop one or more health complications known as late adverse effects following their treatments. The existing measures offered to…

Many statistical machine approaches could ultimately highlight novel features of the etiology of complex diseases by analyzing multi-omics data. However, they are sensitive to some deviations in distribution when the observed samples are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Md Ashad Alam , Hui Shen , Hong-Wen Deng

Depletion forces play a role in the compaction and de-compation of chromosomal material in simple cells but it remains debatable whether they are sufficient to account for chromosomal collapse. We present coarse-grained molecular dynamics…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-22 Tyler N. Shendruk , Martin Bertrand , Hendrick W. de Haan , James L. Harden , Gary W. Slater

This paper presents the biomechanical finite element models that have been developed in the framework of the computer-assisted maxillofacial surgery. After a brief overview of the continuous elastic modelling method, two models are…

A multi-scale methodology is developed in conjunction with a probabilistic fatigue lifetime model for structures with pores whose exact distribution, i.e. geometries and locations, is unknown. The method takes into account uncertainty in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Abhishek Palchoudhary , Cristian Ovalle , Vincent Maurel , Pierre Kerfriden

Purpose: The purpose is to design a novelty automatic diagnostic method for osteoporosis screening by using the potential capability of convolutional neural network (CNN) in feature representation and extraction, which can be incorporated…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-10-16 Chao Tang , Wenkun Zhang , Haiting Li , Lei Li , Ziheng Li , Ailong Cai , Linyuan Wang , Dapeng Shi , Bin Yan

The development of mathematical models of cancer informed by time-resolved measurements has enabled personalised predictions of tumour growth and treatment response. However, frequent cancer monitoring is rare, and many tumours are treated…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Elena Beretta , Cecilia Cavaterra , Matteo Fornoni , Guillermo Lorenzo , Elisabetta Rocca

We propose a 3D neural network with specific loss functions for quantitative computed tomography (QCT) noise reduction to compute micro-structural parameters such as tissue mineral density (TMD) and bone volume ratio (BV/TV) with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Felix Thomsen , José M. Fuertes García , Manuel Lucena , Juan Pisula , Rodrigo de Luis García , Jan Broggrefe , Claudio Delrieux

Finite element based simulation of phenomena governed by partial differential equations is a standard tool in many engineering workflows today. However, the simulation of complex geometries is computationally expensive. Many engineering…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-07 Andreas Buhr

The incidence of vertebral fragility fracture is increased by the presence of preexisting pathologies such as metastatic disease. Computational tools could support the fracture prediction and consequently the decision of the best medical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Chiara Garavelli , Alessandra Aldieri , Marco Palanca , Enrico Dall'Ara , Marco Viceconti

Iterative ptychographic reconstruction algorithms are widely used for coherent diffractive imaging but can exhibit slow convergence under realistic experimental conditions. We propose a machine learning-augmented approach that accelerates…

Understanding the microstructural influence on the failure mechanisms in multi-phase materials calls for the identification of the worst-case scenario. This necessitates a statistical approach. By performing simulations directly based on…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-12-06 T. W. J. de Geus , J. E. P. van Duuren , R. H. J. Peerlings , M. G. D. Geers

Tuning the regularization hyperparameter $\alpha$ in inverse problems has been a longstanding problem. This is particularly true in the case of fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging, where an isotropic high-resolution volume is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-06 Priscille de Dumast , Thomas Sanchez , Hélène Lajous , Meritxell Bach Cuadra

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is renowned for its exceptional soft tissue contrast and high spatial resolution, making it a pivotal tool in medical imaging. The integration of deep learning algorithms offers significant potential for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-06 Wanyu Bian

Accurate deformable object manipulation (DOM) is essential for achieving autonomy in robotic surgery, where soft tissues are being displaced, stretched, and dissected. Many DOM methods can be powered by simulation, which ensures realistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Xiao Liang , Fei Liu , Yutong Zhang , Yuelei Li , Shan Lin , Michael Yip

Osteoporosis can be identified by looking at 2D x-ray images of the bone. The high degree of similarity between images of a healthy bone and a diseased one makes classification a challenge. A good bone texture characterization technique is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Rahul Paul , Saeed Alahamri , Sulav Malla , Ghulam Jilani Quadri