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In recent years, empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing games in which an exact specification of the utilities is unavailable. Instead, EGTA assumes access to an oracle, i.e., a simulator,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bhaskar Mishra , Cyrus Cousins , Amy Greenwald

Mean field games (MFGs) tractably model behavior in large agent populations. The literature on learning MFG equilibria typically focuses on finding Nash equilibria (NE), which assume perfectly rational agents and are hence implausible in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Stochastic games have become a prevalent framework for studying long-term multi-agent interactions, especially in the context of multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the concept of constant-memory…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fengming Zhu , Fangzhen Lin

Policy-Space Response Oracles (PSRO) is a general algorithmic framework for learning policies in multiagent systems by interleaving empirical game analysis with deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL). At each iteration, Deep RL is invoked to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Max Olan Smith , Thomas Anthony , Michael P. Wellman

This paper introduces a new method to achieve stable convergence to Nash equilibrium in duopoly noncooperative games. Inspired by the recent fixed-time Nash Equilibrium seeking (NES) as well as prescribed-time extremum seeking (ES) and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-27 Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić , Tamer Başar

Multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms have not been widely adopted in large scale environments with many agents as they often scale poorly with the number of agents. Using mean field theory to aggregate agents has been proposed as a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Mark Crowley , Pascal Poupart

This paper explores advanced topics in complex multi-agent systems building upon our previous work. We examine four fundamental challenges in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL): non-stationarity, partial observability, scalability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Neil De La Fuente , Miquel Noguer i Alonso , Guim Casadellà

This paper builds on the work of Degond, Herty and Liu by considering N-player stochastic differential games. The control corresponding to a Nash equilibrium of such a game is approximated through model predictive control (MPC) techniques.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Matt Barker

This paper provides theoretical bounds for empirical game theoretical analysis of complex multi-agent interactions. We provide insights in the empirical meta game showing that a Nash equilibrium of the meta-game is an approximate Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Thore Graepel

We formulate a mean field game where each player stops a privately observed Brownian motion with absorption. Players are ranked according to their level of stopping and rewarded as a function of their relative rank. There is a unique mean…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Marcel Nutz , Yuchong Zhang

We study decentralized learning in two-player zero-sum discounted Markov games where the goal is to design a policy optimization algorithm for either agent satisfying two properties. First, the player does not need to know the policy of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhuoqing Song , Jason D. Lee , Zhuoran Yang

This paper investigates the equilibrium convergence properties of a proposed algorithm for potential games with continuous strategy spaces in the presence of feedback delays, a main challenge in multi-agent systems that compromises the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Yuanhanqing Huang , Jianghai Hu

Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms are not scalable to environments with more than a few agents, since these algorithms are exponential in the number of agents. Recent research has introduced successful methods to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Mark Crowley , Pascal Poupart

Financial markets and more generally macro-economic models involve a large number of individuals interacting through variables such as prices resulting from the aggregate behavior of all the agents. Mean field games have been introduced to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-12 René Carmona , Mathieu Laurière

Policy space response oracles (PSRO) is a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm that has achieved state-of-the-art performance in very large two-player zero-sum games. PSRO is based on the tabular double oracle (DO) method, an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Stephen McAleer , Kevin Wang , John Lanier , Marc Lanctot , Pierre Baldi , Tuomas Sandholm , Roy Fox

Mean field games are studied by means of the weak formulation of stochastic optimal control. This approach allows the mean field interactions to enter through both state and control processes and take a form which is general enough to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Rene Carmona , Daniel Lacker

Incorporating symmetry as an inductive bias into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has led to improvements in generalization, data efficiency, and physical consistency. While prior research has succeeded in using perfect symmetry…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xin Yu , Rongye Shi , Pu Feng , Yongkai Tian , Simin Li , Shuhao Liao , Wenjun Wu

In this paper, we study large population multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of discrete-time linear-quadratic mean-field games (LQ-MFGs). Our setting differs from most existing work on RL for MFGs, in that we consider a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-02 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is increasingly used to design learning-enabled agents that interact in shared environments. However, training MARL algorithms in general-sum games remains challenging: learning dynamics can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Addison Kalanther , Sanika Bharvirkar , Shankar Sastry , Chinmay Maheshwari

While the topic of mean-field games (MFGs) has a relatively long history, heretofore there has been limited work concerning algorithms for the computation of equilibrium control policies. In this paper, we develop a computable policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar
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