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We completely characterize smoothness of bounded linear operators between infinite dimensional real normed linear spaces, probably for the very first time, by applying the concepts of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and semi-inner-products in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Debmalya Sain , Kallol Paul , Arpita Mal , Anubhab Ray

In this paper we characterize the Birkhoff--James orthogonality with respect to the numerical radius norm $v(\cdot)$ in $C^*$-algebras. More precisely, for two elements $a, b$ in a $C^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$, we show that $a\perp_{B}^{v}…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-01 Ali Zamani , Pawel Wojcik

Associated to Birkhoff orthogonality, we study Birkhoff angles in a normed space and present some of their basic properties. We also discuss how to decide whether an angle is more acute or more obtuse than another. In addition, given two…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Hendra Gunawan , Muhamad Jamaludin , Mas Daffa Pratamadirdja

Motivated by the questions in the theory of Fredholm stability in Banach space and Kato's strictly singular operators we answer several natural questions concerning ``orthogonality'' in normed spaces and the properties of metric…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Boris Burshteyn , Alexander Volberg

We determine the exact diameter of the orthograph related to mutual strong Birkhoff-James orthogonality in arbitrary finite dimensional $C^{*}$-algebra. Additionally, we will estimate the distance between vertices in an arbitrary…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Srdjan Stefanović

A well-known theorem due to R. C. James states that a Banach space is reflexive if and only if every bounded linear functional attains its norm. In this note we study Banach lattices on which every (real-valued) lattice homomorphism attains…

Motivated by the work of Baronti et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 252(2000) 124-146], where they defined the supremum of an arithmetic mean of the side lengths of a triangle, summing antipodal points on the unit sphere, we introduce a new…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Kallal Pal , Sumit Chandok

We investigate the local preservation of Birkhoff-James orthogonality at a point by a linear operator on a finite-dimensional Banach space and illustrate its importance in understanding the action of the operator in terms of the geometry of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Debmalya Sain , Jayanta Manna , Kallol Paul

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix $A$ to be Birkhoff-James orthogonal to any subspace $\mathscr W$ of $\mathbb M_n(\mathbb C)$. Using this we obtain an expression for the distance of $A$ from any unital $C^*$…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Priyanka Grover

We show that norms on certain Banach spaces $X$ can be approximated uniformly, and with arbitrary precision, on bounded subsets of $X$ by $C^{\infty}$ smooth norms and polyhedral norms. In particular, we show that this holds for any…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Victor Bible , Richard J. Smith

We consider an undamped nonlinear hinged-hinged beam with stretching nonlinearity as an infinite dimensional hamiltonian system. We obtain analytically a quantitative Birkhoff Normal Form, via a nonlinear coordinate transformation that…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Laura Di Gregorio , Walter Lacarbonara

Very recently, motivated by the result of Bhatia and \v{S}emrl which characterizes the Birkhoff-James orthogonality of operators on a finite dimensional Hilbert space in terms of norm attaining points, the Bhatia-\v{S}emrl property was…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Geunsu Choi , Sun Kwang Kim

It is well known that in the calculus of variations and in optimization there exist many formulations of the fundamental propositions on the attainment of the infima of sequentially weakly lower semicontinuous coercive functions on…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Yan Tang , Shiqing Zhang , Tiexin Guo

It is shown that every linear strong Birkhoff-James isomorphism between unital $C^*$-algebras is a $*$-isomorphism followed by a unitary multiplication. Moreover, as a partial extension of this result to the non-unital case, the form of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Bojan Kuzma , Srdjan Stefanović , Ryotaro Tanaka

In this paper we explore the properties of a bounded linear operator defined on a Banach space, in light of operator norm attainment. Using Birkhoff-James orthogonality techniques, we give a necessary condition for a bounded linear operator…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Debmalya Sain

We study the geometry of $\mathcal{L}(X)_w,$ the space of all bounded linear operators on a Banach space $X,$ endowed with the numerical radius norm, whenever the numerical radius defines a norm. We obtain the form of the extreme points of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Arpita Mal

Motivated by the famous Blanco-Koldobsky-Turn\v{s}ek characterization of isometries, we study the \textit{approximate preservation of Birkhoff-James orthogonality by a linear operator between Banach spaces}. In particular, we investigate…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Kalidas Mandal , Jayanta Manna , Kallol Paul , Debmalya Sain

A reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis admits an equivalent $1$-unconditional $2R$ norm and embeds into a reflexive space with a $1$-symmetric $2R$ norm. Partial results on $1$-symmetric $2R$ renormings of spaces with a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Stephen Dilworth , Denka Kutzarova , Pavlos Motakis

We survey elementary results in Minkowski spaces (i.e. finite dimensional Banach spaces) that deserve to be collected together, and give simple proofs for some of them. We place special emphasis on planar results. Many of these results have…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-08-22 Horst Martini , Konrad J Swanepoel , Gunter Weiss

We study the local preservation of Birkhoff-James orthogonality by linear operators between normed linear spaces, at a point and in a particular direction. We obtain a complete characterization of the same, which allows us to present…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Jayanta Manna , Kalidas Mandal , Kallol Paul , Debmalya Sain