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Several variations of hat guessing games have been popularly discussed in recreational mathematics. In a typical hat guessing game, after initially coordinating a strategy, each of $n$ players is assigned a hat from a given color set.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-20 Tengyu Ma , Xiaoming Sun , Huacheng Yu

A deck of $n$ cards is shuffled by repeatedly moving the top card to one of the bottom $k_n$ positions uniformly at random. We give upper and lower bounds on the total variation mixing time for this shuffle as $k_n$ ranges from a constant…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sharad Goel

We consider a classic rendezvous game where two players try to meet each other on a set of $n$ locations. In each round, every player visits one of the locations and the game finishes when the players meet at the same location. The goal is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Marthe Bonamy , Michał Pilipczuk , Jean-Sébastien Sereni

We bound expected capture time and throttling number for the cop versus gambler game on a connected graph with $n$ vertices, a variant of the cop versus robber game that is played in darkness, where the adversary hops between vertices using…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Jesse Geneson , Carl Joshua Quines , Espen Slettnes , Shen-Fu Tsai

$\textit{Magic: The Gathering}$ is a popular and famously complicated trading card game about magical combat. In this paper we show that optimal play in real-world $\textit{Magic}$ is at least as hard as the Halting Problem, solving a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Alex Churchill , Stella Biderman , Austin Herrick

The network coloring game has been proposed in the literature of social sciences as a model for conflict-resolution circumstances. The players of the game are the vertices of a graph with $n$ vertices and maximum degree $\Delta$. The game…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Nikolaos Fryganiotis , Symeon Papavassiliou , Christos Pelekis

Standard perfect shuffles involve splitting a deck of $2n$ cards into two stacks and interlacing the cards from the stacks. There are two ways that this interlacing can be done, commonly referred to as an in shuffle and an out shuffle,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-09 Samuel Johnson , Lakshman Manny , Cornelia A. Van Cott , QiYu Zhang

In this article, we look at a hat-guessing game, in which each player must guess the color of their own hat while only seeing the hats of the other players. We focus on the case of two hat colors and a countably infinite number of players.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Nathaniel Eldredge

The mathematics of shuffling a deck of $2n$ cards with two "perfect shuffles" was brought into clarity by Diaconis, Graham and Kantor. Here we consider a generalisation of this problem, with a so-called "many handed dealer" shuffling $kn$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Carmen Amarra , Luke Morgan , Cheryl E. Praeger

It is proved that in card games similar to 'Beggar-my-neighbour' the mathematical expectation of the playing time is finite, provided that the player who starts the round is determined randomly and the deck is shuffled when the trick is…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-06-05 A. Aleksenko , E. Lakshtanov

We study several variants of the classical card game war. As anyone who played this game knows, the game can take some time to terminate, but it usually does. Here, we analyze a number of asymptotic variants of the game, where the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Manan Bhatia , Byron Chin , Nitya Mani , Elchanan Mossel

A gambler moves between the vertices $1, \ldots, n$ of a graph using the probability distribution $p_{1}, \ldots, p_{n}$. Multiple cops pursue the gambler on the graph, only being able to move between adjacent vertices. We investigate the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Jesse Geneson

A single-player game of Memory is played with $n$ distinct pairs of cards, with the cards in each pair bearing identical pictures. The cards are laid face-down. A move consists of revealing two cards, chosen adaptively. If these cards…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Amit Chakrabarti , Yining Chen

We study a game where one player selects a random function, and the other has to guess that function, and show that with high probability the second player can correctly guess most of the random function. We apply this analysis to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Catherine Rainer , Eilon Solan

The following optimal stopping problem is considered. The vertices of a graph $G$ are revealed one by one, in a random order, to a selector. He aims to stop this process at a time $t$ that maximizes the expected number of connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Fabrício Siqueira Benevides , Małgorzata Sulkowska

In online betting, the bookmaker can update the payoffs it offers on a particular event many times before the event takes place, and the updated payoffs may depend on the bets accumulated thus far. We study the problem of bookmaking with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Alankrita Bhatt , Or Ordentlich , Oron Sabag

We investigate a one-time single shelf shuffle by establishing the position matrix explicitly. In some cases, we prove a no-feedback optimal guessing strategy. A general no-feedback strategy is conjectured, and asymptotics for the expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Alexander Clay

We study a game puzzle that has enjoyed recent popularity among mathematicians, computer scientist, coding theorists and even the mass press. In the game, $n$ players are fitted with randomly assigned colored hats. Individual players can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Hendrik W. Lenstra , Gadiel Seroussi

Consider the following hat guessing game: $n$ players are placed on $n$ vertices of a graph, each wearing a hat whose color is arbitrarily chosen from a set of $q$ possible colors. Each player can see the hat colors of his neighbors, but…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Noga Alon , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Chong Shangguan , Itzhak Tamo

We prove that in a normal form n-player game with m actions for each player, there exists an approximate Nash equilibrium where each player randomizes uniformly among a set of O(log(m) + log(n)) pure strategies. This result induces an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-19 Yakov Babichenko , Ron Peretz