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Let $S$ be a string of length $n$. In this paper we introduce the notion of \emph{string attractor}: a subset of the string's positions $[1,n]$ such that every distinct substring of $S$ has an occurrence crossing one of the attractor's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Nicola Prezza

A string attractor of a string $T[1..|T|]$ is a set of positions $\Gamma$ of $T$ such that any substring $w$ of $T$ has an occurrence that crosses a position in $\Gamma$, i.e., there is a position $i$ such that $w = T[i..i+|w|-1]$ and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Mutsunori Banbara , Hideo Bannai , Peaker Guo , Dominik Köppl , Takuya Mieno , Yoshio Okamoto

In this paper, we describe string attractors of all factors of episturmian sequences and show that their size is equal to the number of distinct letters contained in the factor.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-14 Lubomíra Dvořáková

In this paper, we describe minimal string attractors (of size two) of pseudopalindromic prefixes of standard complementary-symmetric Rote sequences. Such a class of Rote sequences forms a subclass of binary generalized pseudostandard…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Lubomíra Dvořáková , Veronika Hendrychová

In this paper, we describe minimal string attractors of prefixes of simple Parry sequences. These sequences form a coding of distances between consecutive $\beta$-integers in numeration systems with a real base $\beta$. Simple Parry…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Lubomíra Dvořáková , Martina Moravcová

Firstly studied by Kempa and Prezza in 2018 as the cement of text compression algorithms, string attractors have become a compelling object of theoretical research within the community of combinatorics on words. In this context, they have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-25 France Gheeraert , Giuseppe Romana , Manon Stipulanti

The notion of string attractor has been introduced in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] in the context of Data Compression and it represents a set of positions of a finite word in which all of its factors can be "attracted". The smallest size…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino

String attractors [STOC 2018] are combinatorial objects recently introduced to unify all known dictionary compression techniques in a single theory. A set $\Gamma\subseteq [1..n]$ is a $k$-attractor for a string $S\in[1..\sigma]^n$ if and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza , Eva Rotenberg

String attractors are a combinatorial tool coming from the field of data compression. It is a set of positions within a word which intersects an occurrence of every factor. While one-sided infinite words admitting a finite string attractor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Pierre Béaur , France Gheeraert , Benjamin Hellouin de Menibus

We prove that for $n\geq 2$, the size $b(t_n)$ of the smallest bidirectional scheme for the $n$th Thue--Morse word $t_n$ is $n+2$. Since Kutsukake et al. [SPIRE 2020] show that the size $\gamma(t_n)$ of the smallest string attractor for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hideo Bannai , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Tomohiro I , Dominik Koeppl , Takuya Mieno , Takaaki Nishimoto

In today's data-centric world, fast and effective compression of data is paramount. To measure success towards the second goal, Kempa and Prezza [STOC2018] introduce the string attractor, a combinatorial object unifying dictionary-based…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Philip Whittington

We show that the size $\gamma(t_n)$ of the smallest string attractor of the $n$th Thue-Morse word $t_n$ is 4 for any $n\geq 4$, disproving the conjecture by Mantaci et al. [ICTCS 2019] that it is $n$. We also show that $\delta(t_n) =…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Kanaru Kutsukake , Takuya Matsumoto , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The notion of \emph{string attractor} has recently been introduced in [Prezza, 2017] and studied in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] to provide a unifying framework for known dictionary-based compressors. A string attractor for a word…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Sabrina Mantaci , Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

A well-known fact in the field of lossless text compression is that high-order entropy is a weak model when the input contains long repetitions. Motivated by this, decades of research have generated myriads of so-called dictionary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Dominik Kempa , Nicola Prezza

An integer array y = y[1..n] is said to be feasible if and only if y[1] = n and, for every i \in 2..n, i \le i+y[i] \le n+1. A string is said to be indeterminate if and only if at least one of its elements is a subset of cardinality greater…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Manolis Christodoulakis , P. J. Ryan , W. F. Smyth , Shu Wang

The problem of detecting and measuring the repetitiveness of one-dimensional strings has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. Our understanding of these issues has been significantly improved by the introduction…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lorenzo Carfagna , Giovanni Manzini , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

The article focuses on word (or string) attractors, which are sets of positions related to the text compression efficiency of the underlying word. The article presents two combinatorial algorithms based on Suffix automata or Directed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Marie-Pierre Béal , Maxime Crochemore , Giuseppe Romana

A {\it superpattern} is a string of characters of length $n$ that contains as a subsequence, and in a sense that depends on the context, all the smaller strings of length $k$ in a certain class. We prove structural and probabilistic results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Yonah Biers-Ariel , Yiguang Zhang , Anant Godbole

The string repetitiveness measures $\chi$ (the size of a smallest suffixient set of a string) and $r$ (the number of runs in the Burrows--Wheeler Transform) are related. Recently, we have shown that the bound $\chi \leq 2r$, proved by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Vinicius Tikara Venturi Date , Leandro Miranda Zatesko

Suppose an oracle knows a string $S$ that is unknown to us and that we want to determine. The oracle can answer queries of the form "Is $s$ a substring of $S$?". In 1995, Skiena and Sundaram showed that, in the worst case, any algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Gabriele Fici , Nicola Prezza , Rossano Venturini
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