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Thermal behavior has become a first-order constraint in advanced 2.5D/3D integrated circuits (ICs) and heterogeneous packages. As power densities rise and multiple active dies are vertically integrated, heat removal paths become…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Baibhari Priya Barua , Md Rahatul Islam Udoy , Ahmedullah Aziz

Conventional 2D CMOS technology is reaching fundamental scaling limits, and interconnect bottleneck is dominating integrated circuit (IC) power and performance. While 3D IC technologies using Through Silicon Via or Monolithic Inter-layer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Jiajun Shi , Mingyu Li , Santosh Khasanvis , Mostafizur Rahman , Csaba Andras Moritz

Although it is not a new concept, 3D integration increasingly receives widespread interest and focus as lithographic scaling becomes more challenging, and as the ability to make miniature vias greatly improves. Like Moores law, 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Philip Emma , Eren Kurshan

Heterogeneous many-cores are now an integral part of modern computing systems ranging from embedding systems to supercomputers. While heterogeneous many-core design offers the potential for energy-efficient high-performance, such potential…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Jianbin Fang , Chun Huang , Tao Tang , Zheng Wang

Over the years, the DRAM latency has not scaled proportionally with its density due to the cost-centric mindset of the DRAM industry. Prior work has shown that this shortcoming can be overcome by reducing the critical length of DRAM access…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Chao-Hsuan Huang , Ishan G Thakkar

As the demand for high-speed and low-power electronics continues to grow, the quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) asynchronous domain of digital design has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional clock-based designs. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xiameng Zhang , Kushal Ponugoti , Ashiq Sakib , Madhava Vemuri

Heterogeneous 3D System-on-Chips (3D SoCs) are the most promising design paradigm to combine sensing and computing within a single chip. A special characteristic of communication networks in heterogeneous 3D SoCs is the varying latency and…

Main memories play an important role in overall energy consumption of embedded systems. Using conventional memory technologies in future designs in nanoscale era causes a drastic increase in leakage power consumption and temperature-related…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Salman Onsori , Arghavan Asad , Kaamran Raahemifar , Mahmood Fathy

Besides the lot of advantages offered by the 3D stacking of devices in an integrated circuit there is a chance of device damage due to rise in peak temperature value. Hence, in order to make use of all the potential benefits of the vertical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2012-03-09 Ramya Menon C. , Vinod Pangracious

Monolithic 3D integration has become a promising solution for future computing needs. The metal inter-layer via (MIV) forms interconnects between substrate layers in Monolithic 3D integration. Despite small size of MIV, the area overhead…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-27 Madhava Sarma Vemuri , Umamaheswara Rao Tida

The advent of heterogeneous multi-core architectures brought with it huge benefits to energy efficiency by running programs on properly-sized cores. Modern heterogeneous multi-core systems as suggested by Artjom et al. schedule tasks to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Alok Anand , Ivan Khokhlov , Abhishek Anand

Three-dimensional integrated circuits promise power, performance, and footprint gains compared to their 2D counterparts, thanks to drastic reductions in the interconnects' length through their smaller form factor. We can leverage the…

Thermomechanical stress induced by through-silicon vias (TSVs) plays an important role in the performance and reliability analysis of 2.5D/3D ICs. While the finite element method (FEM) adopted by commercial software can provide accurate…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Tianxiang Zhu , Qipan Wang , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

The increasing power densities and intricate heat dissipation paths in advanced 2.5D/3D chiplet systems necessitate thermal modeling frameworks that deliver detailed thermal maps with high computational efficiency. Traditional compact…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Kai Zhu , Darong Huang , Luis Costero , David Atienza

The semiconductor industry's rapid advancement pushes conventional two-dimensional technology to its utmost limitations in terms of scaling, performance, and cost factors. These challenges drive the usage of 3D technology in the production…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-09-07 Mohamed El Amine Benkechkache , Saida Latreche , Lamis Ghoualmi

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as a key enabler for 6G networks, yet conventional planar implementations suffer from spatial correlation and mutual coupling at sub-wavelength spacing, which fundamentally limit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Quan Gao , Shuai S. A. Yuan , Zhanwen Wang , Wanchen Yang , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Wei E. I. Sha

We present magneto-hydrodynamic simulation results for heterogeneous systems. Heterogeneous architectures combine high floating point performance many-core units hosted in conventional server nodes. Examples include Graphics Processing…

Performance · Computer Science 2010-11-04 Bijia Pang , Ue-li Pen , Michael Perrone

The race towards performance increase and computing power has led to chips with heterogeneous and complex designs, integrating an ever-growing number of cores on the same monolithic chip or chiplet silicon die. Higher integration density,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-29 Giovanni Bambini , Alessandro Ottaviano , Christian Conficoni , Andrea Tilli , Luca Benini , Andrea Bartolini

Multi-material decomposition (MMD) enables quantitative reconstruction of tissue compositions in the human body, supporting a wide range of clinical applications. However, traditional MMD typically requires spectral CT scanners and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Qing Wu , Hongjiang Wei , Jingyi Yu , S. Kevin Zhou , Yuyao Zhang

By combining Three Dimensional Integrated Circuits with the Network-on-Chip infrastructure to obtain 3D Networks-on-Chip (3D-NoCs), the new on-chip communication paradigm brings several advantages on lower power, smaller footprint and lower…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Khanh N. Dang , Akram Ben Ahmed , Abderazek Ben Abdallah , Xuan-Tu Tran