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The Mutual Reinforcement Effect (MRE) describes a phenomenon in information extraction where word-level and sentence-level tasks can mutually improve each other when jointly modeled. While prior work has reported MRE in Japanese, its…

Analysing translation quality in regards to specific linguistic phenomena has historically been difficult and time-consuming. Neural machine translation has the attractive property that it can produce scores for arbitrary translations, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Rico Sennrich

We present Belebele, a multiple-choice machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset spanning 122 language variants. Significantly expanding the language coverage of natural language understanding (NLU) benchmarks, this dataset enables the…

Automatic image captioning has improved significantly over the last few years, but the problem is far from being solved, with state of the art models still often producing low quality captions when used in the wild. In this paper, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Tomer Levinboim , Ashish V. Thapliyal , Piyush Sharma , Radu Soricut

For different language pairs, word-level neural machine translation (NMT) models with a fixed-size vocabulary suffer from the same problem of representing out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. The common practice usually replaces all these rare or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Yingting Wu , Hai Zhao

Starting from the 1950s, Machine Translation (MT) was challenged by different scientific solutions, which included rule-based methods, example-based and statistical models (SMT), to hybrid models, and very recent years the neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Lifeng Han , Serge Gladkoff

Quality Estimation (QE) systems are important in situations where it is necessary to assess the quality of translations, but there is no reference available. This paper describes the approach adopted by the SurreyAI team for addressing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Archchana Sindhujan , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orasan , Tharindu Ranasinghe

As research on machine translation moves to translating text beyond the sentence level, it remains unclear how effective automatic evaluation metrics are at scoring longer translations. In this work, we first propose a method for creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Daniel Deutsch , Juraj Juraska , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

We introduce MT-LENS, a framework designed to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) systems across a variety of tasks, including translation quality, gender bias detection, added toxicity, and robustness to misspellings. While several toolkits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Xixian Liao , Maite Melero

Quality Estimation (QE) metrics are vital in machine translation for reference-free evaluation and increasingly serve as selection criteria in data filtering and candidate reranking. However, the prevalence and impact of length bias in QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yilin Zhang , Wenda Xu , Zhongtao Liu , Tetsuji Nakagawa , Markus Freitag

Ensuring a reliable communication in wireless networks strictly depends on the effective estimation of the link quality, which is particularly challenging when propagation environment for radio signals significantly varies. In such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Gregor Cerar , Halil Yetgin , Mihael Mohorčič , Carolina Fortuna

In this paper, we focus on how current Machine Translation (MT) tools perform on the translation of emotion-loaded texts by evaluating outputs from Google Translate according to a framework proposed in this paper. We propose this evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orasan , Felix do Carmo , Qiuliang Li , Diptesh Kanojia

Time efficiency is paramount for the localisation industry, which demands ever-faster turnaround times. However, translation speed is largely underresearched, and there is a lack of clarity about how language service providers (LSPs) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Silvia Terribile

Masked Language Models (MLMs) pre-trained by predicting masked tokens on large corpora have been used successfully in natural language processing tasks for a variety of languages. Unfortunately, it was reported that MLMs also learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Masahiro Kaneko , Aizhan Imankulova , Danushka Bollegala , Naoaki Okazaki

As generic machine translation (MT) quality has improved, the need for targeted benchmarks that explore fine-grained aspects of quality has increased. In particular, gender accuracy in translation can have implications in terms of output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Anna Currey , Maria Nădejde , Raghavendra Pappagari , Mia Mayer , Stanislas Lauly , Xing Niu , Benjamin Hsu , Georgiana Dinu

Multimodal machine translation (MMT) is a challenging task that seeks to improve translation quality by incorporating visual information. However, recent studies have indicated that the visual information provided by existing MMT datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Xinyu Ma , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Jun Rao , Bei Li , Liang Ding , Lidia S. Chao , Dacheng Tao , Min Zhang

We present an alternative method of evaluating Quality Estimation systems, which is based on a linguistically-motivated Test Suite. We create a test-set consisting of 14 linguistic error categories and we gather for each of them a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Avramidis Eleftherios , Vivien Macketanz , Arle Lommel , Hans Uszkoreit

We present new benchmarks on evaluation code generation models: MBXP and Multilingual HumanEval, and MathQA-X. These datasets cover over 10 programming languages and are generated using a scalable conversion framework that transpiles…

Multilingual machine translation (MT) benchmarks play a central role in evaluating the capabilities of modern MT systems. Among them, the FLORES+ benchmark is widely used, offering English-to-many translation data for over 200 languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chihiro Taguchi , Seng Mai , Keita Kurabe , Yusuke Sakai , Georgina Agyei , Soudabeh Eslami , David Chiang

We introduce a new, extensive multidimensional quality metrics (MQM) annotated dataset covering 11 language pairs in the biomedical domain. We use this dataset to investigate whether machine translation (MT) metrics which are fine-tuned on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Vilém Zouhar , Shuoyang Ding , Anna Currey , Tatyana Badeka , Jenyuan Wang , Brian Thompson